Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jan 8;29(1):51.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-06144-w.

Fracture load of feldspar ceramic crowns: effects of surface treatments and aging

Andrea Coldea  1 , Bogna Stawarczyk  2 , John Meinen  2 , Valerie Lankes  2 , Michael V Swain  3 , Malgorzata Roos  4
Affiliations

Fracture load of feldspar ceramic crowns: effects of surface treatments and aging

Andrea Coldea et al. Clin Oral Investig. .

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the impact of intaglio surface treatments - airborne particle abrasion and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching - of feldspar ceramic (FEL) crowns on the fracture load (FL) and to investigate the effects of abutment materials and artificial aging. The aim was to assess whether etching could be replaced by an alternative surface roughening method.

Materials and methods: FEL crowns had their intaglio surfaces either abraded (25 µm Al2O3, 0.1 MPa), etched (HF, 60 s), or untreated and then bonded to CoCrMo- and polymer-abutments. FL was measured for non-aged and aged (1.2 million mastication cycles) specimens. Data were analyzed using, Weibull modulus, two-/one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD-post-hoc-test, t-tests, and TOST equivalence (p < 0.05).

Results: For crowns bonded to CoCrMo abutments, aging affected the FL and Weibull modulus, but pretreatment methods did not. For initial specimens, airborne abraded and etched crowns were equivalent within a 400N bound, however, for aged specimens, equivalence was inconclusive. For crowns bonded to polymer-abutments, pretreatment and aging influenced the FL. Etching decreased the initial FL by over 420N compared to airborne abraded and untreated specimens. After aging, untreated crowns' FL decreased by 528N, while airborne abraded and etched specimens showed no aging effect.

Conclusions: Airborne particle abrasion of FEL crowns' intaglio surfaces did not negatively impact FL and was comparable to etched crowns. Conclusions regarding pretreatment methods and aging differed between CoCrMo- and polymer-abutments.

Clinical relevance: Airborne particle abrasion may be an alternative procedure for the intaglio surface treatment of FEL crowns prior bonding.

Keywords: Airborne particle abrasion; Etching; Feldspar ceramic; Fracture load.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this publication. Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent: For this type of study, formal consent was not required.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study design
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Specimen preparation; A: polymer abutment with dentin like E-modulus, B: CoCrMo abutment, C: feldspar ceramic crown (FEL), D: steatite antagonist for mastication simulation
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mastication simulation set-up. Left: One representative mastication simulation chamber with specimen holder, specimen and antagonist in position. Right: close-up of antagonist and crown occlusion
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Fracture load test set-up
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Boxplot of FEL crowns fracture loads, grouped by crowns intaglio surface pretreatment, aging and abutment material. Symbol “º” indicates extreme fracture load measurements
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
A: Typical force–displacement response for the loading to failure for a FEL crown bonded to a polymer abutment. B: Exemplary fractured FEL crown also bonded to a polymer abutment
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
FEL crown fragments after fracture load testing. A and B: airborne abraded—bonded to CoCrMo abutments – aged, fracture load A: 2063 N (5 fragments), fracture load B: 1043 N (2 fragments). C and D: airborne abraded—bonded to polymer abutments – aged, fracture load C: 1922 N (4 major fragments), fracture load D: 1271 N (3 major fragments)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Federlin M, Hiller KA, Schmalz G (2014) Effect of selective enamel etching on clinical performance of CAD/CAM partial ceramic crowns luted with a self-adhesive resin cement. Clin Oral Investig 18:1975–1984. 10.1007/s00784-013-1173-2 - PubMed
    1. Scholz KJ, Tabenski IM, Vogl V, Cieplik F, Schmalz G, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Federlin M (2021) Randomized clinical split-mouth study on the performance of CAD/CAM-partial ceramic crowns luted with a self-adhesive resin cement or a universal adhesive and a conventional resin cement after 39 months. J Dent 115:103837. 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103837 - PubMed
    1. Marchesi G, Camurri Piloni A, Nicolin V, Turco G, Di Lenarda R (2021) Chairside CAD/CAM Materials: Current Trends of Clinical Uses. Biology 10:1170. 10.3390/biology10111170 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Scherrer D, Bragger U, Ferrari M, Mocker A, Joda T (2020) In-vitro polishing of CAD/CAM ceramic restorations: An evaluation with SEM and confocal profilometry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 107:103761. 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103761 - PubMed
    1. Ramakrishnaiah R, Alkheraif AA, Divakar DD, Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK (2016) The effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the surface micromorphology, roughness, and wettability of dental ceramics. Int J Mol Sci 17:822. 10.3390/ijms17060822 - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources