A simple, cost-efficient stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of embelin and piperine for routine analysis of marketed polyherbal capsules and tablets

Abstract

Embelin (EMB) and Piperine (PIP) alkaloids are reported for -antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. However, simultaneous analytical methods are scarce. A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed with mobile phase MeOH: 0.1%TEA (pH 4.2 adjusted by OPA) (92:08 v/v ratio), CHEMSIL-ODS, C₁₈ (4.6 × 250mm, 5 µm) column, and 1.2 mL/min -flowrate. Retention times were 3.2, and 6.2 min for PIP and EMB respectively, at 289 nm, and validated as per Q2 (R1) ICH guidelines. Linearity ranging (2-10 µg/mL), with regression coefficients (r²), LOD, and LOQ for PIP were r² = 0.9979, 0.793 µg/mL, 2.403 µg/mL, and r² = 0.9974, 0.851 µg/mL, 2.578 µg/mL for EMB. Developed method precision, robustness, and ruggedness were confirmed by <2%RSD. In tablet and capsule formulations, PIP %purity was 90.36%, 94.33%, and EMB 91.65, 92.85%. Additionally, forced-degradation studies -indicated method stability through various stressed conditions. Hence, this -validated method is specific, precise, linear, accurate, and robust, -suitable for routine analysis of EMB and PIP in polyherbal -formulations containing Embelia ribes Brum. and Piper nigrum Linn. extracts.

Keywords: Embelia ribes Brum.; Embelin; Piper nigrum Linn.; Piperine; RP-HPLC.