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Case Reports
. 2024 Dec 9;16(12):e75367.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.75367. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Multifocal Head and Neck Tumor in a Patient With HIV: A Rare Case

Aminath Afaa Mohamed  1 , Fara Rahidah Hussin  2 , Ummu Afeera Zainulabid  1 , Isa Mohamed Rose  3 , Petrick Ramesh Periyasamy  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Multifocal Head and Neck Tumor in a Patient With HIV: A Rare Case

Aminath Afaa Mohamed et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) are a rare type of tumor occurring exclusively in immunocompromised patients in the setting of HIV/AIDS, post-organ transplant, and congenital immunodeficiency. These tumors require demonstration of EBV DNA on histopathologic studies in order to establish a diagnosis. The overall prognosis is good. The principle of treatment is re-establishing the host immunity, which includes antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients and reducing immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients. The role of surgery is well established when the tumor is causing a mass effect, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a limited role. Herein, we report a case of a multifocal EBV-SMT in a patient with HIV, treated successfully with standard ART along with diagnostic and therapeutic surgical resection.

Keywords: art; ebv; hiv; immunocompromised; smooth muscle tumor.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. MRI brain with contrast: Axial-view T2-weighted image showing a left frontal lobe lesion
Figure 2
Figure 2. Sagittal-view T1-weighted image showing a left frontal lobe lesion
Figure 3
Figure 3. Axial-view T1-weighted image showing a left cerebellar lesion
Figure 4
Figure 4. Axial-view T1-weighted image showing a right temporalis muscle lesion
Figure 5
Figure 5. Axial view showing no residual left frontal lesion, with minimal hemorrhage at the surgical bed in keeping with post-operative changes
Figure 6
Figure 6. Axial view showing a left cerebellar lesion smaller in size compared to that in previous MRI brain
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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