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. 2024 Dec 8;16(12):e75342.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.75342. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Serum Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Testosterone and Lipid Profile Levels in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis

Afreen Khan  1 , Esha Sarkar  1 , Anu Chandra  1 , Syed Tasleem Raza  1 , Abbas A Mahdi  1 , S N Sankhwar  2 , Preeti Agarwal  3 , Avneet Gupta  4
Affiliations

Serum Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Testosterone and Lipid Profile Levels in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis

Afreen Khan et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background and objectives: Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men aged 65 years and older globally. The association of prostate cancer with deranged lipid profile and insulin levels is inconsistent and not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the serum levels of lipids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone and to identify their association with the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and its grading.

Materials and methods: This case-control study includes 150 individuals. Cases were 50 newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 50 histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma patients. Fifty age-matched disease-free controls were included. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and summarized as mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA was used to determine statistically significant differences between two or more categorical groups. Chi-square was used to determine the association between variables of interest.

Results: Data showed that serum insulin and IGF-1 were significantly elevated in prostate cancer and BPH, the highest being in the prostate cancer group, and had a significant positive association with prostate cancer Gleason score and grade. However, lipid profile had non-significant association with prostate cancer Gleason score and grade.

Conclusion: This study confirms the association of insulin and IGF-1 with BPH and prostate cancer Gleason score and grade.

Keywords: benign prostatic hyperplasia; gleason score; insulin; insulin-like growth factor; lipid profile; prostate cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. IEC (Institutional Ethics Committee) King George's Medical University; Era University issued approval ECR/262/Inst/UP/2013/RR-19; ELMC&H/R_Cell/EC/2020/121A. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: Prof. Anu Chandra declare(s) a grant from Era University. Research Committee of Era University provided intramural funding (ELMC&H/2021/R_Cell/EC/204) for purchase of reagents and kits used in this research work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Graph showing serum PSA levels in BPH, prostate cancer and controls.
*** represents highly significant results (p value<0.001). Box and error bars represent mean±SD of each group, whereas dots represents individual study subject. PCa: prostate cancer, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Multinomial regression analysis logistic plot showing relationship of BPH with significant influencing parameters.
BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia, BMI: body mass index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Multinomial regression analysis logistic plot showing relationship of prostate cancer with significant influencing parameters.
PCa: prostate cancer, BMI: body mass index, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, PSA: prostate-specific antigen, IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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