Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies

Puyi He^#^{1

2

3}, Xiaomei Li^#^{1

2

3}, Dan Zou^#^{1

3}, Futian Tang^{1

2

3}, Hao Chen^{4

5

6

7}, Yumin Li^{8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
² Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
³ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
⁴ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁵ Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁶ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁷ Department of Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁸ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
⁹ Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
¹¹ Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39786603
PMCID: PMC11717776
DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-01771-5

Review

Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies

Puyi He et al. Discov Oncol. 2025.

. 2025 Jan 9;16(1):25.

doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-01771-5.

Authors

Puyi He^#^{1

2

3}, Xiaomei Li^#^{1

2

3}, Dan Zou^#^{1

3}, Futian Tang^{1

2

3}, Hao Chen^{4

5

6

7}, Yumin Li^{8

9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
² Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
³ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
⁴ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁵ Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁶ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁷ Department of Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China. chenh@lzu.edu.cn.
⁸ The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
⁹ Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
¹⁰ The Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.
¹¹ Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China. liym@lzu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39786603
PMCID: PMC11717776
DOI: 10.1007/s12672-025-01771-5

Abstract

Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, poses a significant challenge to global health. Despite ongoing advancements in treatment methods, its high incidence and mortality rates remain concerning. Although progress in treating gastric cancer is encouraging, a more critical focus is on enhancing prevention efforts. Understanding the risk factors associated with gastric cancer is crucial for its prevention. This article summarizes the environmental factors related to the development of gastric cancer and their prevention, including: Living or working environment factors (air pollution, water quality, soil pollution, radiation, altitude, climate), dietary habits (meat, high-fat diet, high-salt diet), lifestyle habits (smoking, Drinking, sleep, coffee), and viral and bacterial exposures (Epstein-Barr virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori). Additionally, the article discusses current research directions and aims to provide a reference for researchers, paving the way for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Bacteria; Eating habits; Environmental factors; Gastric cancer; Lifestyle; Viruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Risk factors associated with Gastric cancer

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies

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Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies

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Conflict of interest statement

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