The role of executive functions in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A short narrative review

Abstract

Atypical executive functions (EFs) are well-documented in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across all ages. However, most research focuses on EFs impairments in school-aged children and older, with less attention to preschool children. Understanding EF deficits in this age group is challenging and underexplored due to limited studies and measurement difficulties. The current short narrative review's aim is to provide an update on the knowledge on EFs in preschool children with ASD and their association with ASD symptoms. Despite varied results, recent research suggests early EF difficulties, potentially linked to greater impairments in social skills and externalizing behaviors. This suggests the importance of implementing early interventions that take into account the enhancement of these areas from an early age. Further investigation in this age group could enhance our understanding of ASD.

Keywords: Autism; Executive function; Preschooler; Restricted and repetitive behaviors; Social affect; Social interaction.