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. 2025 Jan 10;15(1):1598.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84309-z.

An experimental and modelling approach to proclaim sustainable machining using avocado oil-based nano-cutting fluids

Abera Ayza Anebo  1 , Venkatesh Chenrayan  2 , Kiran Shahapurkar  3 , Gezahgn Gebremaryam  1 , Jana Petrů  4 , Manzoore Elahi M Soudagar  5   6   7 , Vijayabhaskara Rao Bhaviripudi  8 , Rajakrishnan Rajagopal  9 , Muhammad Nasir Bashir  10
Affiliations

An experimental and modelling approach to proclaim sustainable machining using avocado oil-based nano-cutting fluids

Abera Ayza Anebo et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Higher-end science and technology facilitate the human community with a sophisticated life despite it curses by abundant pollution. The alarming demand for sustainability pressurizes the manufacturing sector to ensure sustainable manufacturing. Since Molybdenum di sulfide (MoS2) and avocado oil are known solid and liquid lubricants respectively, hence, it is a worthwhile attempt to implement the bio-based degradable avocado oil enriched with nano Molybdenum di sulfide (nMoS2) particles as a potential machining fluid for CNC-end milling. Different proportions of avocado oil and nMoS2 were used to synthesise four distinct machining fluids to assess the individual impact of avocado oil and nMoS2 particles. The emulsification and sonication were employed to synthesise the fluids. A hybrid Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was followed to scrutiny the effect of novel machining fluid on machining objectives. The experimental results of physio-chemical properties revealed that avocado-rich 0.5% nMoS2 excels among others. The L16 orthogonal array experiments associated with statistical analysis explored the developed machining fluid (A6W4/0.5) that significantly impacts the machining objectives. The experimental results manifest that nearly 64.87% of surface roughness and 93.3% of tool wear have been reduced during machining in the presence of A6W4/0.5 fluid than A4W6/0.75. The improved performance of the novel machining fluid upholds its potential to replace conventional fluids and ensure green manufacturing.

Keywords: Avocado; Bio-degradable; Machining fluid; Molybdenum di sulfide; Surface roughness; Sustainability; Tool wear.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Process cycle representing a synthesis of the avocado oil–water emulsion.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Machining resource and measurement of machining responses (a) CNC-end milling machine (b) MRR (c) Tool wear.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Workpiece used for experimental trails.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Statistical process layout of GRA.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Main effect plot.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Outlier plot.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Loading plot.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
UV-spectroscopy results of A4W6/0.75.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Kinematic viscosity of nano-machining fluids.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Thermal conductivity of nano machining fluids.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Surface roughness result (a) Suboptimal experiment (b) Optimal experiment.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Comparative chart for tool wear loss.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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