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. 2024 Dec 28;17(1):47.
doi: 10.3390/polym17010047.

Analysis of Electrical Conductivity in Commercial Adhesives Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for Industrial Applications

Pablo Rodríguez Fernández  1 , Cristina Alía García  1
Affiliations

Analysis of Electrical Conductivity in Commercial Adhesives Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets for Industrial Applications

Pablo Rodríguez Fernández et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Polymers are often insulators, but this not a universal intrinsic characteristic of all polymers. For this work, the adhesives used, epoxy and polyurethane, do demonstrate this insulating characteristic. However, there has been significant interest in the development of conductive polymers, specifically adhesives, because of the potential properties and ease of processing of these polymers. The electrical-conductivity values for two composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were measured. Both matrices are intended for industrial usage. One composite used an epoxy matrix, while the other employed a polyurethane resin as the matrix. To achieve dispersion and exfoliation of the filler, the catalyst for each resin, mixed with the GNP in proportion, was subjected to an ultrasonic bath for 30 min. The molds were filled by gravity, with the polyurethane specimens leveled to improve surface finish. The two-point uniaxial method was used to measure the conductivity of the specimens at room temperature, both before and after annealing at 120 °C for 120 min. Conductivity values were obtained for all samples, showing an increase after annealing; however, this increase was less pronounced compared to similar studies. The time and power in the ultrasonic bath, as well as the annealing conditions, must be optimized and the electrical conductivity should be studied periodically.

Keywords: GNPs; adhesives; composite; electrical conductivity; epoxy; graphene nanoplatelets; mechanical properties; percolation; polyurethane; sonication.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
The av-PLAT-7 technical sheet, p. 1.
Figure A2
Figure A2
The av-PLAT-7 technical sheet, p. 2.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Epoxy specimens cured at room temperature, demolded, and classified according to GNP concentration; (b) Polyurethane specimen leveled off in the mold, detail image.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Expanded assembly of the test setup adjacent to the copper electrodes. (b) Scheme of the electrical circuit used to take conductivity measurements.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Voltmeter (up-left), ammeter (down-left), and alternating-current source (right).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Experimental procedure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sikadur and Sikaforce conductivity before (BC) and after (AC) curing, in both logarithmic and linear scales.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM micrographs of the (a) epoxy and (b) polyurethane samples (×2000).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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