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. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):86.
doi: 10.3390/polym17010086.

Differences in Rejuvenation Mechanisms and Physical Properties of Aged Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS)-Modified Bitumen by Mono-Epoxy and Di-Epoxy Compounds

Kingsley C K Chiang  1 , Bohan Zhu  2   3 , Lingxiao Liu  1 , Haozongyang Li  2   3 , Cheng Chen  1 , Shixian Tang  2   3 , Chengwei Xing  2   3
Affiliations

Differences in Rejuvenation Mechanisms and Physical Properties of Aged Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS)-Modified Bitumen by Mono-Epoxy and Di-Epoxy Compounds

Kingsley C K Chiang et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Studying the mechanisms and effects of rejuvenators on SBS-modified bitumen is crucial for repairing degraded SBS and recycling aged SBS-modified bitumen (ASMB), thereby contributing to the sustainable development of bitumen pavements. This research examines the roles of mono-epoxy Alkyl (C12-C14) glycidyl ether (AGE) and di-epoxy 1,6-Hexanediol diglycidyl ether (HDE) under the catalysis of N,N-dimethyl benzyl amine (BDMA) in repairing degraded SBS chains. Aromatic oil (ORSMB)-, AGE-aromatic oil (ARSMB)-, and HDE-aromatic oil (HRSMB)-rejuvenated bitumen are analyzed for their chemical structures, physical properties, and rheological properties. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal that HDE chemically reconnects degraded SBS chains, enhancing ASMB properties, while AGE improves ASMB properties through physical softening. HDE balances high-temperature properties and improves mid-temperature fatigue resistance through a rigid repair effect and flexible chain structure. AGE enhances mid-temperature fatigue resistance but significantly reduces high-temperature rutting resistance due to a softening effect. The findings demonstrate that HDE restores ASMB ductility chemically, while AGE improves crack resistance through physical softening. These differences in rejuvenation mechanisms provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rejuvenator design and advancing bitumen pavement recycling.

Keywords: SBS-modified bitumen; reactive compound; rejuvenator; rheological property.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Kingsley C. K. Chiang, Lingxiao Liu and Cheng Chen were employed by the China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong) Limited. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The MSCR test results at different temperatures: (a) R0.1, (b) R3.2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The MSCR test results at different temperatures: (a) Jnr0.1, (b) Jnr3.2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The fatigue factor results for various types of bitumen: (a) 16–40 °C; (b) 46–82 °C.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The variation rates of the fatigue factor for different types of bitumen.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Master curves of the complex modulus and phase angle for different types of bitumen: (a) complex modulus, (b) phase angle.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Bar chart of the ductility for different types of bitumen.
Figure 7
Figure 7
BBR test results of various types of bitumen: (a) −6 °C; (b) −12 °C; (c) −18 °C; (d) −24 °C.
Figure 8
Figure 8
λ values of different types of bitumen.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Fluorescence images of different types of bitumen: (a) base bitumen; (b) SMB; (c) ASMB; (d) ORSMB; (e) ARSMB; (f) HRSMB.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Infrared spectra of individual additives: (a) BDMA; (b) aromatic oil; (c) AGE; (d) HDE.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Infrared spectra of various types of bitumen: (a) SMB; (b) ASMB; (c) ORSMB; (d) ARSMB; (e) HRSMB.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Enlarged view of a specific region of the infrared spectrum.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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