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. 2024 Dec 29;15(1):60.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15010060.

Improving Imitation Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the NAO Robot and a Human Action Recognition

Abeer Alnafjan  1 , Maha Alghamdi  2 , Noura Alhakbani  2 , Yousef Al-Ohali  3
Affiliations

Improving Imitation Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the NAO Robot and a Human Action Recognition

Abeer Alnafjan et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disorders characterized by poor social skills, low motivation in activities, and a lack of interaction with others. Traditional intervention approaches typically require support under the direct supervision of well-trained professionals. However, teaching and training programs for children with ASD can also be enhanced by assistive technologies, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Methods: In this study, we examined whether robotics can improve the imitation skills of children with autism and support therapists during therapeutic sessions. We designed scenarios for training hand clapping imitation skills using the NAO robot and analyzed the interaction between children with autism and the robot. Results: We developed a deep learning approach based on the human action recognition algorithm for analyzing clapping imitation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that integrating robotics into therapeutic practices can effectively enhance the imitation skills of children with ASD, offering valuable support to therapists.

Keywords: autism; convolutional neural network; human action recognition; imitation; robot; therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frameworks of Bailey’s model (A) and the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model (B).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conceptual framework of the current study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flowchart of the proposed framework.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Image of the NAO 6 robot.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Robot implementation in Choregraphe 2.8.7.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Autism Center of Excellence (ACE).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Assessment sheet used in the experiments.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Images taken during the initial sessions of the experiment.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Recorded frames.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Trends of assessment scores for the sessions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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