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. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):148.
doi: 10.3390/nu17010148.

The Association of Sodium or Potassium Intake Timing with Athens Insomnia Scale Scores: A Cross-Sectional Study

Taiki Okamoto  1 , Yun-Peng Lo  1 , Inn-Kynn Khaing  1 , Shoko Inoue  2 , Ayako Tada  2 , Mikiko Michie  2 , Tatsuhiko Kubo  1 , Shigenobu Shibata  1   3 , Yu Tahara  1   3
Affiliations

The Association of Sodium or Potassium Intake Timing with Athens Insomnia Scale Scores: A Cross-Sectional Study

Taiki Okamoto et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background/objectives: Insomnia is a significant public health problem affecting a large population. Although previous research has explored the relationship between specific nutrients and insomnia, comprehensive analyses of daily eating patterns of macro- and micronutrients remain limited. Since nocturnal hypertension is related to sodium/potassium intake and sleep disturbances, the present cross-sectional study hypothesized that daily eating patterns of potassium and sodium would be associated with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) scores.

Methods: Dietary data (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack intake) and additional online questionnaire responses were obtained from users (N = 4568; age: 43.5 ± 11.2 years) of Asken, a Japanese food-logging mobile health application. AIS scores were divided into three groups according to symptom classification.

Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that individuals with higher AIS scores had lower daily potassium intake; potassium at dinner was especially crucial.

Conclusions: These results underscore the potential importance of potassium intake in relation to sleep and highlight a novel association between sleep disturbances and the timing of sodium and potassium consumption.

Keywords: circadian rhythm; nocturnal hypertension; potassium; sleep; sodium.

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Conflict of interest statement

S.I. and A.T. are full-time employees of Asken, Inc. M.M. is a corporate officer at Asken Inc. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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