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. 2025 Jan 9;26(4):E733.
doi: 10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_Mulaikal. eCollection 2024 Oct-Dec.

The Role of Ombuds in Graduate Medical Education: Fostering Wellness and Psychological Safety

Jennifer Danielsson  1 , Stephanie A Chen  1 , Naralys Batista  1 , Caroline H Jensen  1 , Teresa A Mulaikal  1
Affiliations

The Role of Ombuds in Graduate Medical Education: Fostering Wellness and Psychological Safety

Jennifer Danielsson et al. J Educ Perioper Med. .

Abstract

The authors propose an educational innovation in graduate medical education, the creation of an Education Ombudsperson. Although this role has been implemented for faculty and students within the medical field, it has not been described in residency programs. The Ombudsperson for house staff is distinct from institutional or programmatic leadership. His or her primary role within a department is to foster psychological safety, wellness, advocacy, and professionalism in residency or fellowship programs. This manuscript describes the process for selection, visitor consultation, escalation pathways, and examples of concerns addressed proactively. The Ombudsperson can complement the role of the Program Director, Chair, and Designated Institutional Official in a collaborative model that addresses challenges in the learning environment.

Keywords: Psychological safety; educational innovations in graduate medical education; ombuds; ombudsperson; resident professional development; well-being.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fundamental principles of the Ombuds. Abbreviations: GME, Graduate Medical Education; Ombuds, Ombudsperson.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Escalation pathway. Abbreviation: Ombuds, Ombudsperson.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reporting categories.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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