Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society

Wen Wen¹, Sonal K Farzavandi², Miho Sato³, Boon Long Quah⁴, Simon T Ko⁵, T S Surendran⁶, An-Guor Wang⁷, Jeong-Min Hwang⁸, Rita S Sitorus⁹, Shuan Dai¹⁰, Wei Zhang¹¹, Kanxing Zhao¹¹, Jason C Yam¹², Frank Martin¹³, Chen Zhao¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
² Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
⁴ Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong.
⁶ Sankara Nethralaya, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁷ Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁸ Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
¹⁰ Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
¹¹ Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
¹² Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
¹³ The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: dr_zhaochen@163.com.

PMID: 39805428
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134

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Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society

Wen Wen et al. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2025 Jan-Feb.

Free article

. 2025 Jan-Feb;14(1):100134.

doi: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134. Epub 2025 Jan 11.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
² Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
⁴ Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong.
⁶ Sankara Nethralaya, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁷ Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁸ Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
⁹ Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
¹⁰ Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
¹¹ Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
¹² Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
¹³ The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
¹⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: dr_zhaochen@163.com.

PMID: 39805428
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134

Abstract

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Keywords: Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE); Etiology; Treatment.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society

Affiliations

Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources