Brachymetatarsia

Excerpt

Brachymetatarsia is a congenital or acquired condition characterized by the abnormal shortening of one or more metatarsal bones in the foot, most commonly the fourth metatarsal, followed by the first metatarsal. This anomaly can affect other metatarsals or multiple metatarsals simultaneously, disrupting the foot's normal anatomy and biomechanics. The bony skeleton of the human foot consists of 5 metatarsals—long bones essential for the structure, stability, and function of the foot. These bones connect the tarsal bones in the hindfoot to the phalanges of the toes. Metatarsals are numbered medially to laterally—from the first metatarsal (associated with the great toe) to the fifth metatarsal (associated with the little toe).

In cases of brachymetatarsia, the shortened metatarsal length often results in functional impairments and aesthetic concerns. A noticeable gap may develop between the shortened toe and its adjacent toes, leading to difficulties with shoe fitting, discomfort during ambulation, and psychological distress. Historically, brachymetatarsia was underreported; advances in orthopedic and pediatric surgery have enhanced the understanding of its etiology and treatment. Although the first metatarsal is commonly affected in Morton syndrome, the fourth metatarsal is now recognized as the most frequently impacted by brachymetatarsia.