Evaluation of nutrient composition and bone-promoting activity of miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) bone

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to improve the economic value of the processed by-products of farmed miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) by evaluating the nutrient composition and osteogenic activity of its bones. We prepared Miichthys miiuy bone peptides (MMBP) and analyzed their osteogenic potential.

Methods: We assessed the osteogenic activity of MMBP by molecular docking, MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation assay and zebrafish growth model, and evaluated its effect on osteoporosis (OP) using a retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis rat model.

Results: Sciaena ossificans bone is rich in nutrients, including 11.40% water, 59.30% ash, 1.60% crude fat, 27.10% crude protein, and 0.58% total sugars. The total amino acids account for 22.13%, including 4.33% essential amino acids and 17.80% non-essential amino acids. The mineral content was rich, with calcium, phosphorus and selenium contents of 162511, 7151, and 0.264 mg/kg, respectively. MMBP significantly promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, facilitated the growth and bone development of zebrafish. In retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis rat model, increased the serum calcium and phosphorus levels, attenuated the calcium loss, and reduced the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and significantly improved bone density. MMBP shows potential as a functional food ingredient due to its osteogenic properties, which may help promote bone growth and maintain bone health. These findings provide a scientific basis for the high-value utilization of Miichthys miiuy by-products and a new direction for the development of novel functional food ingredients.

Keywords: Miichthys miiuy bone; bone-promoting activity; nutrient composition; osteoporosis; peptide.

FIGURE 1

Peptide binding and interacting residues with BMPR1A (ID: 2h62). (P1)- BMPR1A (A), (P2)- BMPR1A (B), (P3)- BMPR1A (C), (P4)- BMPR1A (D), Purple represented hydrogen bonds, yellow represented peptide ligands, and green represents amino acid residues associated with the action.

FIGURE 2

Effect of different concentrations of MMBP on MC3T3-E1 cell viability. (A) 24 h, (B) 48 h (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with mass concentration of 0 μg/mL).

FIGURE 3

Effects of different concentrations of MMBP at 6dpf∼12dpf on the body length of zebrafish. (A) 6, 9, and 12 dpf using an Olympus microscope. (B) Graphical representation of the total body length at each dpf. All data are presented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with the mass concentration of 0 μg/mL).

FIGURE 4

Calcium xanthophyll fluorescent dye staining results and statistical analysis of zebrafish (A) 9 dpf calcium xanthophyll staining, (B) green fluorescence intensity (*p < 0.05 compared with the mass concentration of 0 μg/mL).

FIGURE 5

Trend of body weight growth in rats. NC, blank group, MC, model group PC, positive group L, low dose group H, high dose group.

FIGURE 6

Organ index of rats. (A) heart, (B) liver, (C) spleen, (D) lung, (E) kidney, (F) ovary (*p < 0.05 compared with NC).

FIGURE 7

Effect of MMBP on serum indices. (A) ALP; (B) TRAP, (C) calcium, (D) phosphonium levels of rats in each group were determined (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01 compared with NC).

FIGURE 8

Bone mineral density (BMD) in rats (*p < 0.05 compared with NC).