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. 2025 Mar 3;26(3):385-413.
doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaf014.

The role of multi-modality imaging for the assessment of left atrium and left atrial appendage: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Leyla Elif Sade  1   2 , Francesco Fluvio Faletra  3 , Gianluca Pontone  4   5 , Bernhard Lothar Marie Gerber  6 , Denisa Muraru  7   8 , Thor Edvardsen  9   10 , Bernard Cosyns  11 , Bogdan A Popescu  12 , Allan Klein  13 , Thomas H Marwick  14 , Matteo Cameli  15 , Muhamed Saric  16 , Liza Thomas  17   18   19 , Nina Ajmone Marsan  20 , Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho  21   22 , Tomaz Podlesnikar  23   24 , Marianna Fontana  25 , Andre La Gerche  26 , Steffen Erhard Petersen  27   28 , Sarah Moharem-Elgamal  29 , Marcio Sommer Bittencourt  1   2 , Mani A Vannan  30 , Michael Glikson  31 , Petr Peichl  32 , Hubert Cochet  33 , Ivan Stankovic  34 , Erwan Donal  35 , Deneke Thomas, de Riva Silva Marta
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Free article

The role of multi-modality imaging for the assessment of left atrium and left atrial appendage: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Leyla Elif Sade et al. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. .
Free article

Erratum in

Abstract

Structural, architectural, contractile, or electrophysiological alterations may occur in the left atrium (LA). The concept of LA cardiopathy is supported by accumulating scientific evidence demonstrating that LA remodelling has become a cornerstone diagnostic and prognostic marker. The structure and the function of the LA and left atrial appendage (LAA), which is an integral part of the LA, are key elements for a better understanding of multiple clinical conditions, most notably atrial fibrillation, cardioembolism, heart failure, and mitral valve diseases. Rational use of various imaging modalities is key to obtain the relevant clinical information. Accordingly, this clinical consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association, provides comprehensive, up-to-date, and evidence-based guidance to cardiologists and cardiac imagers for the best practice of imaging LA and LAA for the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of the patients.

Keywords: anticoagulation; atrial fibrillation; cardiac computerized tomography; cardiac magnetic resonance; cardiomyopathy; echocardiography; imaging; left atrial appendage; left atrium; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: L.E.S., member of the editorial board—European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. F.F.F., speaker fee from Phillips. G.P., honorarium as speaker/consultant and/or institutional research grants from GE HealthCare, Bracco, HeartFlow, Novartis, Alexion, and Menarini; member of the editorial board—European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. B.L.M.G., consultant Bristol Myers Squibb and Novartis; member of the editorial board—European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. D.M., member of the editorial board—European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. T.E., none. B.C., none. B.A.P., none. A.K., research grant Kiniksa and Cardiol Therapeutics and scientific advisory board for Kiniksa, Cardiol Therapeutics, and Pfizer. T.H.M., none. M.C., none. M.S., speakers bureau (Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic). L.T., speaker fees from Pfizer, Sanofi, and Janssen-Cilag; honoraria from Bayer. N.A.M., speaker fees from GE HealthCare, Philips Ultrasound, and Abbott Vascular; research grants from Pfizer, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Edwards Lifesciences, and Pie Medical Imaging. R.F-C., none. T.P., none. M.F., consultancy/advisory boards for Alnylam, Alexion/Caelum Biosciences, AstraZeneca, BridgeBio/Eidos, Prothena, Attralus, Intellia Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Cardior, Lexeo Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Prothena, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, and MyCardium; research grants from Alnylam, BridgeBio, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer; salary from the British Heart Foundation Intermediate Fellowship; share options in Lexeo Therapeutics and shares in MyCardium. A.L.G., none. S.E.P., consultancy, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. S.M-E., none. M.S.B., speaker fee from Cleerly. M.A.V. (all support to the institution and not to self), research support from Philips, GE HealthCare, Siemens Healthineers, Biosense Webster, Johnson & Johnson, Abbott, and Medtronic; speaker honorarium from Siemens Healthineers, Johnson & Johnson, Philips, Abbott, and Medtronic. M.G., none. P.P., honoraria and consultation fees from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Biotronik, and Biosense Webster. H.C., Founder and shareholder at inHEART Medical. I.S., speaker or advisory board fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Takeda, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Janssen. E.D., research facilities and a grant from GE HealthCare and Abbott Structural; consulting fees from Pfizer, Alnylam, and Bristol Myers Squibb; member of the editorial board—European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging.

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