Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jan 26:2:1309107.
doi: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1309107. eCollection 2023.

Transient comparison of techniques to counter multi-drug resistant bacteria: prime modules in curation of bacterial infections

Muhammad Naveed  1 , Muhammad Waseem  1 , Izma Mahkdoom  1 , Nouman Ali  1 , Farrukh Asif  2 , Jawad Ul Hassan  1 , Hamza Jamil  1
Affiliations
Review

Transient comparison of techniques to counter multi-drug resistant bacteria: prime modules in curation of bacterial infections

Muhammad Naveed et al. Front Antibiot. .

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that are no longer controlled or killed by specific drugs. One of two methods causes bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR); first, these bacteria may disguise multiple cell genes coding for drug resistance to a single treatment on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, increased expression of genes coding for multidrug efflux pumps, which extrude many drugs, can cause MDR. Antibiotic resistance is a big issue since some bacteria may withstand almost all antibiotics. These bacteria can cause serious sickness, making them a public health threat. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and CRE are gut bacteria that resist antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance is rising worldwide, increasing clinical and community morbidity and mortality. Superbugs have made antibiotic resistance in some environmental niches even harder to control. This study introduces new medicinal plants, gene-editing methods, nanomaterials, and bacterial vaccines that will fight MDR bacteria in the future.

Keywords: bacterial vaccines; medicinal plants; multi-drug resistant bacteria; staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathogenesis of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE), involving VanR, VanS, VanH, VanA, VanX, VanY and VanZ virulent factors causing resistance against vancomycin antibiotic.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Resistance mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus against Methicilin antibiotic involving MecA, MecR1, MecI and MecR2 genome factors of MRSA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multi-Drug Resistant Mechanism of ESBLs showing a plasmid encoding antibiotic resistance and modifying enzymes by bacteria against board spectrum antibiotics.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pathogenesis of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae causing multi-drug resistance against Carbapenem Antibiotics.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pathogenesis of Multi-drug resistant GNR causing resistance against antibiotics by gram-positive bacterial species.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Various Destructive mechanisms of antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mechanism of Action of Bacteriocins playing a role in the destruction of bacterial cell wall.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Mode of Action of Vaccines generating an immune response against the virulent components of bacteria.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Mechanism of action of nanoparticles showing board spectrum antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Mode of action of gene editing as an antimicrobial alternative for managing multi-drug resistant microbial infections.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Abanoz H. S., Kunduhoglu B. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis KT11 against some pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Korean J. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. 38 (5), 1064. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e40 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Acedo J. Z., van Belkum M. J., Lohans C. T., McKay R. T., Miskolzie M., Vederas J. C. (2015). Solution structure of acidocin B, a circular bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus M46. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81 (8), 2910–2918. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04265-14 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Adamska A., Falasca M. (2018). ATP-binding cassette transporters in progression and clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer: What is the way forward? World J. Gastroenterol. 24 (29), 3222. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i29.3222 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Adel W. A., Ahmed A. M., Hegazy Y., Torky H. A., Shimamoto T. (2021). High prevalence of ESBL and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolated from retail meats and slaughterhouses in Egypt. Antibiotics 10 (7), 881. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10070881 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Agyepong N. (2017). Molecular profile of gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Okomfo Anokye Road, Kumasi, Ghana.

LinkOut - more resources