Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 28:2:1155005.
doi: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1155005. eCollection 2023.

A spectrum of non-spore-forming fermentative and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: multi-drug resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and carbapenemase production

Yasin Desalegn  1 , Adane Bitew  2 , Amanuel Adane  3
Affiliations

A spectrum of non-spore-forming fermentative and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: multi-drug resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and carbapenemase production

Yasin Desalegn et al. Front Antibiot. .

Abstract

Background: In developing countries, the co-existence of a high burden of infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria and the rapid increase and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious health threat.

Objective: Profiling of Gram-negative bacteria and determining the magnitude of their antimicrobial resistance among patients.

Results: A total of 175 non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 873 different clinical samples. Of a total of 175 bacteria, 154 (88%) were fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while 21 (12%) were non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. E. coli with a frequency of 58.3% and K. pneumoniae with a frequency of 18.3% were the predominant fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while P. aeruginosa 9 (5.1%) and A. baumannii 6 (3.4%) were the predominant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The highest percentage level of antibiotic resistance was seen against ampicillin (86%), and the lowest against meropenem (9.8). About 49 (28%) Gram-negative bacilli were positive for ESBLase. The overall prevalence rate of MDR bacteria was 80.5%, of which 100% of A. baumannii, 90.6% of K. pneumonia. Sixteen isolates were resistant to meropenem, out of which 11 tested for carbapenemase production. Five of the nine were metallo-lactamase producers, with the remaining four being serine carbapenemase producers.

Conclusion: The prevalence of Gram-negative bacterial infection was found to be 20%, with a significant proportion (80.0%) due to fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and the remaining 20% due to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The study has also demonstrated a high prevalence rate of MDR, ESBLase, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria should be monitored on a regular basis, and an effective infection control program should be implemented.

Keywords: ESBLs; Gram-negative bacteria; MDR; carbapenemase; fermentative and non- fermentative.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of GNB in Different Clinical Specimens.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. CLSI (2018). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Twentieth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S27 (940 Wayne, PA, U.S.A:Edward Bazemore, CDC and Prevention 01/24/2018; ), 36.
    1. Abdeta A., Bitew A., Fentaw S., Tsige E., Assefa D., Lejisa T., et al. . (2021). Phenotypic characterization of carbapenem non-susceptible gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens. PLoS One 16 (12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256556 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Adane B. (2019). High prevalence of multi-drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase production in non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in Ethiopia. Infect. Diseases: Res. Treat. 12, 1–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Agersew A., Mulat D., Meseret A., Mucheye G. (2013). Uropathogenic bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among HIV/AIDS patients attending gondar university specialized hospital gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. J. Microb. Res. Rev. 1, 42–51. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-197 - DOI
    1. Agyepong N., Govinden U., Owusu-Ofori A., Essack S. Y. (2018). Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control. 7, 37. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0324-2 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources