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. 2024 Nov 20;3(12):101373.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101373. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Trends and Disparities in CAD and AMI in the United States From 2000 to 2020

Christian Akem Dimala  1 , Christopher Reggio  2 , Marvel Changoh  3 , Anthony Donato  2   4
Affiliations

Trends and Disparities in CAD and AMI in the United States From 2000 to 2020

Christian Akem Dimala et al. JACC Adv. .

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still pose a significant burden to the health care system, affecting population subgroups differently.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to describe age, sex, and racial disparities in mortality rates for CAD and AMI in the United States between 2000 and 2020.

Methods: This was an ecological study with trend analysis of mortality rates using data from the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance databases.

Results: Between 2000 and 2020, there was a significant decrease in the age-standardized mortality rates of both CAD (from 249.4 to 118 per 100,000 cases [P < 0.001]) and AMI (from 93.4 to 34.1 per 100,000 cases [P < 0.001]), with deceleration in the decline of mortality rates after 2011. CAD and AMI mortality rates were both significantly higher in males (P < 0.001), the 75+ years age group (P < 0.001), and in non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) compared to Hispanics (P < 0.001). While CAD mortality rates were higher in NHB compared to NHW (P = 0.037), there was no significant difference in AMI mortality rates between NHB and NHW (P = 0.144). There was also no difference in both CAD and AMI mortality rates between the 25 to 44 years and 45 to 64 years age groups (P = 0.051 and P = 0.072).

Conclusions: While a significant reduction in mortality rates is evident, the notable deceleration in this decline in recent years reflects a plateauing of earlier gains and highlights the need to identify new targets. The persistent disparities in the identified population subgroups necessitate further exploration to inform targeted interventions and policies.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; age; coronary artery disease; race; sex; trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-Standardized Mortality Rate per 100,000 for Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 2
Figure 2
Coronary Artery Disease Mortality Rate per 100,000 by Sex in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 3
Figure 3
Coronary Artery Disease Mortality Rate per 100,000 by Race in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 4
Figure 4
Coronary Artery Disease Mortality Rate per 100,000 by Age Groups in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 5
Figure 5
Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality Rate per 100,000 by Sex in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 6
Figure 6
Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality Rate per 100,000 by Race in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Figure 7
Figure 7
Acute Myocardial Infarction Rate per 100,000 by Age Groups in the United States From 2000 to 2020
Central Illustration
Central Illustration
Trends and Disparities in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates in the United States Between 2000 and 2020 H = Hispanics; NHB = non-Hispanic Blacks; NHW = non-Hispanic Whites; O = others.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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