Bacillary layer detachment: Updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy. Electronic address: alessandrofeo.96@gmail.com.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, via Mazzini 11, Bergamo, Italy.
⁴ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Eye Unit, Genoa, Italy; DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Italy.
⁵ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70121, Italy.
⁶ IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Eye Unit, Genoa, Italy; DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Italy.
⁷ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁸ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁹ Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely, Marseille, France.
¹¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, via Mazzini 11, Bergamo, Italy.

PMID: 39818360
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.01.005

Review

Bacillary layer detachment: Updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease

Alessandro Feo et al. Surv Ophthalmol. 2025 May-Jun.

. 2025 May-Jun;70(3):401-411.

doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.01.005. Epub 2025 Jan 14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy. Electronic address: alessandrofeo.96@gmail.com.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, via Mazzini 11, Bergamo, Italy.
⁴ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Eye Unit, Genoa, Italy; DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Italy.
⁵ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70121, Italy.
⁶ IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Eye Unit, Genoa, Italy; DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Italy.
⁷ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁸ Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
⁹ Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, Chemin des Bourrely, Marseille, France.
¹¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, via Mazzini 11, Bergamo, Italy.

PMID: 39818360
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.01.005

Abstract

Bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) refers to the distinctive splitting at the level of the photoreceptor inner segment myoid and accumulation of intraretinal fluid, as seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT). BALAD is an increasingly recognized OCT biomarker of numerous heterogeneous chorioretinal diseases, including posterior uveitis, age-related macular degeneration and macular neovascularization, neoplastic and paraneoplastic retinal disorders, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, blunt ocular trauma, and miscellaneous conditions. The recognition of BALAD is clinically relevant because, based on the specific etiology, BALAD may require simple observation, ocular or systemic medical treatment, or even surgical intervention, with subsequent different prognosis. We discuss and summarize the clinical and prognostic significance of BALAD in the different chorioretinal disorders in which it has been described.

Keywords: BALAD; Bacillary layer detachment; Clinical significance; Macula; OCT; Optical coherence tomography; Prognosis; Retina.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Bacillary layer detachment: Updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease

Affiliations

Bacillary layer detachment: Updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical