Review

. 2025 Jan;25(1):115-132.

doi: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e8.

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023

Dong Jin Kim^#¹, Jeong Ho Song^#², Ji-Hyeon Park^#³, Sojung Kim^#⁴, Sin Hye Park^#¹, Cheol Min Shin^#⁵, Yoonjin Kwak^#⁶, Kyunghye Bang^#⁷, Chung-Sik Gong⁸, Sung Eun Oh⁹, Yoo Min Kim¹⁰, Young Suk Park¹¹, Jeesun Kim¹², Ji Eun Jung¹³, Mi Ran Jung¹⁴, Bang Wool Eom¹⁵, Ki Bum Park¹⁶, Jae Hun Chung¹⁷, Sang-Il Lee¹⁸, Young-Gil Son¹⁹, Dae Hoon Kim²⁰, Sang Hyuk Seo²¹, Sejin Lee²², Won Jun Seo²³, Dong Jin Park²⁴, Yoonhong Kim²⁵, Jin-Jo Kim²⁶, Ki Bum Park²⁷, In Cho²⁸, Hye Seong Ahn²⁹, Sung Jin Oh³⁰, Ju-Hee Lee³¹, Hayemin Lee³², Seong Chan Gong³³, Changin Choi³⁴, Ji-Ho Park³⁵, Eun Young Kim³⁶, Chang Min Lee³⁷, Jong Hyuk Yun³⁸, Seung Jong Oh³⁹, Eunju Lee⁴⁰, Seong-A Jeong⁴¹, Jung-Min Bae⁴², Jae-Seok Min⁴³, Hyun-Dong Chae⁴⁴, Sung Gon Kim⁴⁵, Daegeun Park⁴⁶, Dong Baek Kang⁴⁷, Hogoon Kim⁴⁸, Seung Soo Lee⁴⁹, Sung Il Choi⁵⁰, Seong Ho Hwang⁵¹, Su-Mi Kim⁵², Moon Soo Lee⁵³, Sang Hyun Kim⁵⁴, Sang-Ho Jeong⁵⁵, Yusung Yang⁵⁶, Yonghae Baik⁵⁷, Sang Soo Eom⁵⁸, Inho Jeong⁵⁹, Yoon Ju Jung⁶⁰, Jong-Min Park⁶¹, Jin Won Lee⁶², Jungjai Park⁶³, Ki Han Kim⁶⁴, Kyung-Goo Lee⁶⁵, Jeongyeon Lee⁶⁶, Seongil Oh⁶⁷, Ji Hun Park⁶⁸, Jong Won Kim⁶⁹; Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association

Affiliations

¹ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Eunpyeong St. May's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,Korea.
² Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
³ Department of Surgery, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
⁴ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
⁶ Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁸ Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁹ Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹¹ Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
¹² Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
¹³ Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁴ Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
¹⁵ Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
¹⁷ Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center of Robotic Surgery, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
²⁰ Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
²¹ Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
²² Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
²³ Division of Foregut Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
²⁴ Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
²⁵ Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
²⁶ Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
²⁷ Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
²⁸ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.
²⁹ Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
³⁰ Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
³¹ Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
³² Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
³³ Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
³⁵ Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
³⁶ Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
³⁷ Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
³⁸ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
³⁹ Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
⁴⁰ Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea.
⁴¹ Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
⁴² Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
⁴³ Division of Foregut Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
⁴⁴ Department of Surgery, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center (DCUMC), Daegu, Korea.
⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
⁴⁷ Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.
⁴⁸ Division of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
⁵¹ Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁵² Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
⁵³ Department of Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Daejeon, Korea.
⁵⁴ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁵⁵ Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.
⁵⁶ Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea.
⁵⁷ Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
⁵⁹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
⁶⁰ Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁶¹ Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
⁶² Department of Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, The Hallym University of Korea, Chuncheon, Korea.
⁶³ Department of Surgery, Chinjujeil Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
⁶⁴ Department of Surgery, Busan Metropolitan City Medical Center, Busan, Korea.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
⁶⁶ Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
⁶⁷ Department of Surgery, Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
⁶⁸ Department of General Surgery, Sun Medical Center Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
⁶⁹ Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. drholy@gmail.com.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39822171
PMCID: PMC11739641
DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e8

Review

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023

Dong Jin Kim et al. J Gastric Cancer. 2025 Jan.

. 2025 Jan;25(1):115-132.

doi: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e8.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Eunpyeong St. May's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,Korea.
² Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
³ Department of Surgery, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
⁴ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
⁶ Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁸ Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁹ Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹¹ Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
¹² Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
¹³ Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁴ Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
¹⁵ Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
¹⁷ Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center of Robotic Surgery, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
²⁰ Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
²¹ Department of Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
²² Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
²³ Division of Foregut Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
²⁴ Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
²⁵ Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
²⁶ Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
²⁷ Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
²⁸ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea.
²⁹ Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
³⁰ Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
³¹ Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
³² Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
³³ Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
³⁵ Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
³⁶ Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
³⁷ Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
³⁸ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
³⁹ Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
⁴⁰ Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea.
⁴¹ Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
⁴² Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
⁴³ Division of Foregut Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
⁴⁴ Department of Surgery, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center (DCUMC), Daegu, Korea.
⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
⁴⁷ Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.
⁴⁸ Division of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
⁵¹ Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁵² Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.
⁵³ Department of Surgery, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Daejeon, Korea.
⁵⁴ Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁵⁵ Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.
⁵⁶ Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea.
⁵⁷ Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
⁵⁹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
⁶⁰ Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
⁶¹ Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
⁶² Department of Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, The Hallym University of Korea, Chuncheon, Korea.
⁶³ Department of Surgery, Chinjujeil Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
⁶⁴ Department of Surgery, Busan Metropolitan City Medical Center, Busan, Korea.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
⁶⁶ Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
⁶⁷ Department of Surgery, Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
⁶⁸ Department of General Surgery, Sun Medical Center Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
⁶⁹ Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. drholy@gmail.com.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39822171
PMCID: PMC11739641
DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e8

Erratum in

Erratum: Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023.
Kim DJ, Song JH, Park JH, Kim S, Park SH, Shin CM, Kwak Y, Bang K, Gong CS, Oh SE, Kim YM, Park YS, Kim J, Jung JE, Jung MR, Eom BW, Park KB, Chung JH, Lee SI, Son YG, Kim DH, Seo SH, Lee S, Seo WJ, Park DJ, Kim Y, Kim JJ, Park KB, Cho I, Ahn HS, Oh SJ, Lee JH, Lee H, Gong SC, Choi C, Park JH, Kim EY, Lee CM, Yun JH, Oh SJ, Lee E, Jeong SA, Bae JM, Min JS, Chae HD, Kim SG, Park D, Kang DB, Kim H, Lee SS, Choi SI, Hwang SH, Kim SM, Lee MS, Kim SH, Jeong SH, Yang Y, Baik Y, Eom SS, Jeong I, Jung YJ, Park JM, Lee JW, Park J, Kim KH, Lee KG, Lee J, Oh S, Park JH, Kim JW; Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Kim DJ, et al. J Gastric Cancer. 2025 Apr;25(2):400-402. doi: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e25. J Gastric Cancer. 2025. PMID: 40200882 Free PMC article.

Abstract

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023.

Materials and methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form. Data were collected on 86 items, including patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, and surgical outcomes. The results of the 2023 survey were compared with those of previous surveys.

Results: Data from 12,751 cases were collected from 66 institutions. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and the proportion of patients aged ≥71 years increased from 9.1% in 1995 to 31.7% in 2023. The proportion of upper-third tumors slightly decreased to 16.8% compared to 20.9% in 2019. Early gastric cancer accounted for 63.1% of cases in 2023. Regarding operative procedures, a totally laparoscopic approach was most frequently applied (63.2%) in 2023, while robotic gastrectomy steadily increased to 9.5% from 2.1% in 2014. The most common anastomotic method was the Billroth II procedure (48.8%) after distal gastrectomy and double-tract reconstruction (51.9%) after proximal gastrectomy in 2023. However, the proportion of esophago-gastrostomy with anti-reflux procedures increased to 30.9%. The rates of post-operative mortality and overall complications were 1.0% and 15.3%, respectively.

Conclusions: The results of the 2023 nationwide survey demonstrate the current status of gastric cancer treatment in Korea. This information will provide a basis for future gastric cancer research.

Keywords: Health care survey; Korea; Stomach neoplasm.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

**Fig. 1. Distribution of tumor location over time.**

**Fig. 2. Proportions of early and advanced gastric cancers over time.**
AGC = advanced gastric cancer; EGC = early gastric cancer.

**Fig. 3. Proportions of pathological stages according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.**

**Fig. 4. Proportions of operative approaches over time.**
NS = not-specified.

**Fig. 5. Proportions of anastomotic method following distal gastrectomy over time.**

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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1. Korea Central Cancer Registry. Annual Report of Cancer Statistics in Korea in 2021. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2021.
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1. Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on surgically treated gastric cancers in 2019. J Gastric Cancer. 2021;21:221–235. - PMC - PubMed
1. Jeong SH, Yoo MW, Park M, Seo KW, Min JS Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer according to hospital volume: based on Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey data. J Gastric Cancer. 2023;23:462–475. - PMC - PubMed

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Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023

Affiliations

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical