Risk of sarcopenia: A red flag for cognitive decline in postmenopause?

Abstract

Objective: To determine if the SARC-F tool, used to screen for sarcopenia risk, can also predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool.

Methods: This is a sub-analysis of data from a cross-sectional study carried out in postmenopausal women from Latin America (nine countries) in which sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected, and the SARC-F and MoCA tools administered. From the original sample of 1185 women, analysis was performed only among the 772 with natural menopause.

Results: Overall, mean age, body mass index and years of education were 56.9 years, 26.8 kg/m² and 13.6 years, respectively. Women with MCI displayed a higher body mass index, had more children, experienced more severe menopausal symptoms, and were more frequently homemakers and physically inactive. The prevalence of MCI increased from 12.9 % in women with no sarcopenia risk (SARC-F < 4 points) to 35.3 % in those at risk (OR 3.70; 95 % CI 2.36-5.80). According to binary logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia risk (total SARC-F score ≥ 4) was associated with MCI (OR: 2.44; 95 % CI 1.50-3.95). Aside from the risk of sarcopenia, being a homemaker (OR 1.97; 95 % CI 1.25-3.10) was also associated with an increased likelihood of MCI. Protective factors included ever use of menopausal hormone therapy (OR 0.26; 95 % CI 0.13-0.54) and having higher educational attainment (OR 0.28; 95 % CI 95 % 0.16-0.47). The SARC-F displayed a sensitivity of 84 % and a specificity of 39 % at diagnosing MCI.

Conclusion: This study suggests that the SARC-F questionnaire, used to assess sarcopenia risk, could also predict the presence of MCI in postmenopausal women. There is a need for more research to support our preliminary findings.

Keywords: MCI; Mild cognitive impairment; MoCA; Risk; SARC-F; Sarcopenia.