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. 2025 Jan:91:103413.
doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103413. Epub 2025 Jan 16.

A comprehensive GPS-based analysis of activity spaces in early and late pregnancy using the ActMAP framework

Karl Samuelsson  1 , Ioar Rivas  2 , Bruno Raimbault  3 , Alan Domínguez  2 , Toni Galmés  3 , Antònia Valentin  3 , Maria Foraster  4 , Mireia Gascon  5 , Cecilia Persavento  2 , Achilleas Psyllidis  6 , Maria Dolores Gomez Roig  7 , Elisa Llurba Olivé  8 , Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen  2 , Marco Helbich  9 , Jordi Sunyer  2 , Payam Dadvand  10
Affiliations

A comprehensive GPS-based analysis of activity spaces in early and late pregnancy using the ActMAP framework

Karl Samuelsson et al. Health Place. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Health implications of mobility during pregnancy entail a need to understand pregnant women's activity spaces. We present ActMAP, a framework for quantifying multiple aspects of activity spaces from distinct trips and stays derived from GPS data. We applied ActMAP to data from 238 pregnant women in Barcelona, Spain (2018-2020) and explored weekday, weekend and intraday associations between pregnancy trimester and activity spaces. Activities were more centred around the home later in pregnancy. However, the number of visited places and daily trips remained largely constant throughout pregnancy. By constructing activity spaces from individual trips and stays, ActMAP could provide a framework for GPS-based holistic assessments of mobility.

Keywords: Active travel; Cohort; Location tracking; Spatiotemporal method; Urban environment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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