Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jan 17;15(1):2214.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86708-2.

Body Mass Index mediates the relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate and gallstones

Shuaipeng Yuan #  1 , Yuexia Lu #  2 , Zhun Xiao  1 , Suping Ma  3
Affiliations

Body Mass Index mediates the relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate and gallstones

Shuaipeng Yuan et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between gallstones and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in people in the United States and the possible mediating function of body mass index (BMI). Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted between 2017 and March 2020. Logistic regression, subgroup analysis, smoothed curve fitting, and causal mediation studies were among the statistical techniques used to examine the participant data. There were 595 subjects with a gallstone diagnosis out of 5,656 total. A significant negative association between eGDR and gallstones was observed by fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis with an OR of 0.90 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (0.83, 0.98). The mediation analysis indicated that BMI accounted for 58.58% of the relationship between eGDR and the occurrence of gallstones. This study identified a substantial non-linear negative relationship between the occurrence of gallstones and eGDR levels, with BMI acting as a mediating factor. A fresh viewpoint on gallstone therapy and prevention is offered by these findings.

Keywords: Body Mass Index; Estimated glucose disposal rate; Gallstones; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Ethics Statement: The NCHS Research Ethics Review Committee approved the NHANES survey protocol ( https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/irba98.htm ), and all participants of the study provided informed written consent. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart for choosing participants.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Density dose-response relationship between eGDR with gallstones prevalence.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Subgroup analyses of the association between eGDR and gallstones.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mediated analysis model path diagram. Notes eGDR was defined as the independent variable; gallstones as the dependent variable; and BMI as the mediating variable. Path a represents the regression coefficient of the association between eGDR and BMI. Path b represents the regression coefficient of the association between BMI and gallstones. Path c represents the simple total effect of eGDR on gallstones. Path c’ represents the direct effect of eGDR on gallstones when controlling for BMI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Wang, X. et al. Global Epidemiology of Gallstones in the 21st Century: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.22 (8), 1586–1595. 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.051 (2024). - PubMed
    1. Unalp-Arida, A. & Ruhl, C. E. Increasing gallstone disease prevalence and associations with gallbladder and biliary tract mortality in the US. Hepatology77 (6), 1882–1895. 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000264 (2023). - PubMed
    1. Song, Y. et al. Age, gender, geographic and clinical differences for gallstones in China: A nationwide study. Ann. Transl Med.10 (13), 735. 10.21037/atm-21-6186 (2022). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patel, A. M., Yeola, M. & Mahakalkar, C. Demographic and risk factor Profile in patients of Gallstone Disease in Central India. Cureus14 (5), e24993. 10.7759/cureus.24993 (2022). Published 2022 May 14. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xia, Q., Liu, Q. & Ma, X. Intestinal microbiota in biliary diseases. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol.39 (2), 95–102. 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000910 (2023). - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources