Standardization of the use of opsonized zymosan as stimulus in the 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine technique for the assessment of neutrophil respiratory burst
- PMID: 39836849
- PMCID: PMC12014214
- DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7461
Standardization of the use of opsonized zymosan as stimulus in the 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine technique for the assessment of neutrophil respiratory burst
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease is a defect in phagocytosis due to deficiency of gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p40phox, and p67phox (classic form of the disease). Recently, EROS and p40phox deficiency were described as responsible for the non-classical form of the disease. The 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine oxidation technique, with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate as a stimulus, is performed to diagnose the classic chronic granulomatous disease. However, oxidation mediated by EROS and p40phox requires stimuli such as zymosan, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus.
Objective: To optimize the 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine technique using zymosan to assess neutrophil respiratory burst and detect the non-classical chronic granulomatous disease.
Materials and method: Blood was obtained from five healthy subjects after the signature of the informed consent. The 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine technique was performed with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate as control and different quantities of opsonized zymosan (150, 100, 50, 20, and 10 μg). We obtained through flow cytometry the mean fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 1,2,3 oxidated in the neutrophil population and calculated the oxidation index. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis were used. We considered a p value ≤ 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: The phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate increased the rhodamine 1,2,3 mean fluorescence intensity in healthy subjects. Among the different zymosan conditions tested, we selected 50 μg as the optimal and reproducible amount in all controls according to the statistical analysis and cytometric findings.
Conclusions: We present the optimization of the 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine technique using zymosan. We propose its implementation in clinical diagnostic laboratories to expand the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.
Introducción: La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica es un defecto de la fagocitosis por deficiencia de gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p40phox y p67phox (forma clásica). Recientemente, se describió la deficiencia de EROS y p40phox como responsables de la forma no clásica. La técnica de oxidación de la 1,2,3-dihidrorrodamina –usando como estímulo el forbol-12-miristato-13-acetato– se utiliza para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad granulomatosa crónica clásica. Sin embargo, para la detección de la oxidación mediada por EROS y p40phox, se requiere de otros estímulos como zimosán, Escherichia coli o Staphylococcus aureus.
Objetivo: Estandarizar el estímulo con zimosán en la técnica de la 1,2,3-dihidrorrodamina para evaluar el estallido respiratorio del neutrófilo.
Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvo sangre de cinco sujetos sanos previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó la técnica de 1,2,3-dihidrorrodamina usando el forbol-12-miristato-13-acetato como control y diferentes cantidades de zimosán opsonizado (150, 100, 50, 20 y 10 μg). Por citometría de flujo, se obtuvo la intensidad de fluorescencia media de la rodamina 1,2,3 en las poblaciones de neutrófilos y se calculó el índice de oxidación. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA y el análisis post-hoc de Tukey. Se consideró un valor de p ≤ 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo.
Resultados: El forbol-12-miristato-13-acetato incrementó la intensidad de la fluorescencia media de la rodamina 1,2,3 en los sujetos sanos. Entre las diferentes condiciones de zimosán probadas, la de 50 μg fue la cantidad óptima y reproducible en todos los controles por el análisis estadístico y los hallazgos citométricos.
Conclusiones: Se presenta la optimización de la técnica 1,2,3-dihidrorrodamina empleando el zimosán como estímulo.
Keywords: granulomatous disease; chronic; rhodamine 1,2,3; zymosan; NADPH oxidase.
Conflict of interest statement
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