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Review
. 2025 Jan 20:16:20417314241308022.
doi: 10.1177/20417314241308022. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.

Innovative bioinks for 3D bioprinting: Exploring technological potential and regulatory challenges

Vidhi Mathur  1 , Prachi Agarwal  1 , Meghana Kasturi  2 , Varadharajan Srinivasan  3 , Raviraja N Seetharam  1 , Kirthanashri S Vasanthan  1
Affiliations
Review

Innovative bioinks for 3D bioprinting: Exploring technological potential and regulatory challenges

Vidhi Mathur et al. J Tissue Eng. .

Abstract

The field of three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has witnessed significant advancements, with bioinks playing a crucial role in enabling the fabrication of complex tissue constructs. This review explores the innovative bioinks that are currently shaping the future of 3D bioprinting, focusing on their composition, functionality, and potential for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. The development of bioinks, incorporating natural and synthetic materials, offers unprecedented opportunities for personalized medicine. However, the rapid technological progress raises regulatory challenges regarding safety, standardization, and long-term biocompatibility. This paper addresses these challenges, examining the current regulatory frameworks and the need for updated guidelines to ensure patient safety and product efficacy. By highlighting both the technological potential and regulatory hurdles, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the future landscape of bioinks in bioprinting, emphasizing the necessity for cross-disciplinary collaboration between scientists, clinicians, and regulatory bodies to achieve successful clinical applications.

Keywords: 3D bioprinting; bioinks; biomedical application; crosslinking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of 3D bioprinting process.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Selection criteria of Bioink for 3D printing. (This work is licensed under a creative comments attribution 3.0 License, Ref.).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Decellularization of organs.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Different types of protein based bioink.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Crosslinking of collagen.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Cell-based bioinks.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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