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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Jun;169(3):984-998.
doi: 10.1002/ijgo.16123. Epub 2025 Jan 22.

Impact of the WHO safe childbirth checklist on birth attendant behavior and maternal-newborn outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

María Fernández-Elorriaga  1   2 , Jocelyn Fifield  1 , Katherine E A Semrau  1 , Stuart Lipsitz  1 , Danielle E Tuller  1 , Carol Mita  3 , Chelsea Cho  1 , Heather Scott  4 , Ayda Taha  5 , Neelam Dhingra-Kumar  5 , Allisyn Moran  4 , Rose L Molina  1   6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Impact of the WHO safe childbirth checklist on birth attendant behavior and maternal-newborn outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

María Fernández-Elorriaga et al. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Background: The intrapartum period is critical for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The WHO's Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) was designed as a reminder of the most critical, evidence-based practices (EBPs) to improve quality care and reduce preventable complications and deaths.

Objective: To assess the impact of SCC on birth attendant behavior and maternal and newborn health outcomes.

Search strategy: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed searching across five databases from 2009 to 2023.

Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and pre/post studies.

Data analysis: A meta-analysis yielded a pooled estimate of relative risk (RR) for adherence to and effectiveness of the SCC.

Main results: Of 1070 articles identified, 16 were included. Use of the SCC increased adherence to EBPs by 65% (RR 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-2.02). The behaviors that improved the most were danger sign counseling (RR 12.37; 95% CI 1.95-78.52; P = 0.008) and pre-eclampsia management (RR 3.43; 95% CI 1.33-8.88; P = 0.011). There was moderate evidence for stillbirth reduction (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-0.99; P = 0.034).

Conclusion: There is moderate evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the SCC in reducing stillbirths and improving adherence to EBPs.

Keywords: childbirth; evidence‐based practices; maternal and newborn care; maternal and newborn safety; maternal health; quality of care; safe childbirth checklist.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PRISMA diagram for study selection in the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist systematic review and meta‐analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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