Genetically Predicted Leucine Level Mediates Association Between CD4/CD8br T Lymphocytes and Insomnia

Abstract

Immune and metabolic factors play an important role in the onset and development of insomnia. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia and immune cells and metabolites. Data for 731 immune cell phenotypes, 1400 metabolites, and insomnia in this study were obtained from the GWAS open-access database. Two-way Mendelian randomization was used to (1) detect the causal relationship between immune cells and insomnia and (2) identify potential mediating metabolites. Mendelian randomization analysis identified eight immune cell phenotypes with a causal relationship to insomnia, and two immune cell phenotypes were protective factors for insomnia, namely CD8br %T cells and CD80 on CD62L + myeloid dendritic cells. The other six immune cell phenotypes were risk factors for insomnia, i.e., CD4/CD8br, CD16-CD56 on NKT, CCR2 on myeloid dendritic cells, CD40 on monocytes, CD38 on CD3-CD19-, and CD25 on CD45RA + CD4 not Treg. Further Mendelian randomization revealed 11 metabolites that were causally related to insomnia. Five metabolites were protective factors for insomnia, i.e., 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, cholate, dodecanedioate, N-formylmethionine, and x-26054. Six metabolites were risk factors for insomnia, 3-amino-2-piperidone, 6-oxopiperdine-2-carboxylate, caffeine to theophylline ratio, leucine, maltose, and x-24736. In addition, our analysis showed that leucine mediated the association between CD4/CD8br and insomnia. From genetic information, we confirmed the causal relationship between insomnia, eight immune cell phenotypes, and eleven metabolite levels. Notably, we found a relationship between leucine-mediated CD4/CD8br and insomnia, providing evidence supporting the causal relationship between immune cell and insomnia, with plasma metabolites serving as mediators.

Keywords: Genetic information; Immunity; Insomnia; Mendelian randomization; Metabolite.

Fig. 1

Study design

Fig. 2

Forest plots show the causal effect of eight immune cell phenotypes on insomnia. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

Fig. 3

Scatter plots of MR analysis show the effect of eight immune cell phenotypes on insomnia

Fig. 4

Forest plots show the causal effect of insomnia on eight immune cell phenotypes. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

Fig. 5

Forest plots show the causal effect of 11 metabolite levels on insomnia. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

Fig. 6

Forest plot of mediation MR analysis. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval