Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Feb;26(2):73-83.
doi: 10.1007/s11864-025-01292-x. Epub 2025 Jan 22.

Candidate Biomarker of Response to Immunotherapy In Small Cell Lung Cancer

Yili Shen  1   2 , Zhicong Liu  1   2 , Yi Chen  1   2 , Xuefei Shi  3   4 , Shunli Dong  5   6 , Bin Wang  7   8
Affiliations
Review

Candidate Biomarker of Response to Immunotherapy In Small Cell Lung Cancer

Yili Shen et al. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Small-cell lung cancer accounts for about 15% of lung cancers with an extremely poor prognosis. The incorporation of immunotherapy to platinum-based chemotherapy offers sustained overall survival benefits and become the standard for the first-line setting of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. However, only a limited number of patients derive prolonged benefits. Although novel immunomodulatory agents and combination strategies are currently under investigation, identifying patients who are likely to obtain clinical benefits from this therapeutic approach is urgently needed. The modest therapeutic response to immunotherapy can be explained by various mechanisms. Traditional biomarkers do not guide immunotherapeutic decision-making in small-cell lung cancer. Notably, recent progress in the understanding of the molecular typing of small-cell lung cancer based on multi-omics data might bring new sights. This review summarizes the potential biomarkers for small-cell lung cancer immunotherapy based on clinical trials and preclinical studies. Moreover, important constraints in identifying biomarkers for small-cell lung cancer treatment are discussed.

Keywords: Biomarker; Immunotherapy; Molecular typing; Small cell lung cancer; Tumor immune microenvironment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

References

References and Recommended Reading

    1. Megyesfalvi Z, Gay CM, Popper H, Pirker R, Ostoros G, Heeke S, et al. Clinical insights into small cell lung cancer: Tumor heterogeneity, diagnosis, therapy, and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73:620–52. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21785 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cheng Y, Spigel DR, Cho BC, Laktionov KK, Fang J, Chen Y, et al. Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:1313–27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2404873 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liang J, Guan X, Bao G, Yao Y, Zhong X. Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;86:450–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.010 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczęsna A, Havel L, Krzakowski M, Hochmair MJ, et al. First-Line Atezolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2220–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1809064 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Paz-Ares L, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, Reinmuth N, Hotta K, Trukhin D, et al. Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;394:1929–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32222-6 . - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources