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. 2025 Jan 22;5(1):e0003567.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003567. eCollection 2025.

Hepatitis B infection (HBsAg and HBeAg) status among women attending antenatal care at public healthcare facilities of South Africa, 2017

Shelina Moonsamy  1   2 , Pavitra Pillay  2 , Beverley A Singh  3 , Adrian Puren  3 , John W Ward  4   5 , Nishi Prabdial-Sing  1   6
Affiliations

Hepatitis B infection (HBsAg and HBeAg) status among women attending antenatal care at public healthcare facilities of South Africa, 2017

Shelina Moonsamy et al. PLOS Glob Public Health. .

Abstract

Eight years after WHO adopted a resolution to eliminate hepatitis B by the year 2030, the disease remains a global public health concern, with vertical transmission of HBV being a major obstacle to this goal. Our study aimed to determine the HBV infection status of pregnant women in South Africa at a national level to evaluate the risk of vertical transmission and provide evidence for public health decision-making. We conducted HBsAg testing on 1,942 HIV-uninfected and 2,312 HIV-infected pregnant women from South Africa's public health sector in 2017, followed by HBeAg testing on HBsAg-positive samples. Our data were stratified by five-year age groups and province. The overall HBV prevalence was 11.24% (478/4,254), significantly higher among HIV-infected women (15.83%) compared to HIV-uninfected women (5.77%, p = 0.007). HBV prevalence was highest among women 40-44 years (14.00%) and in Limpopo Province (19.35%). Coinfection rates of HIV-HBV ranged from 14.00% to 17.00% among women 15-44 years, and provincially, rates were highest in Limpopo, North West, and Western Cape Provinces (>20%). HBeAg prevalence among HBsAg positive women was 9.48%, with higher rates among HIV infected women (11.29%) compared to HIV-uninfected women (7.34%, p = 0.7931). HBeAg prevalence was highest among women 15-19 (10.81%), 20-24 (11.88%) and 40-44 years (25.00%), and provincially, highest in North West (26.67%). Our findings highlight the significant prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in 2017, emphasising concerns about vertical transmission, particularly given the high prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive women. We advocate for the prompt implementation of a universal birth dose of the HBV vaccine in South Africa to augment existing vaccination schedules and mitigate the risk of vertical transmission, thereby advancing progress towards WHO elimination targets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. HBsAg test positivity rate (%) and 95% confidence intervals among pregnant women in 2017 by five-year age groups (a), and province (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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