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. 2025 Jan 8:12:1456841.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1456841. eCollection 2024.

Incidence of severe maternal outcomes following armed conflict in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: using the sub-Saharan Africa maternal near-miss criteria

Tirusew Nigussie Kebede  1 , Kidist Ayalew Abebe  1 , Ambachew Getahun Malede  2 , Abinet Sisay  3 , Ayenew Yirdie  3 , Worku Taye  2 , Tebabere Moltot Kitaw  1 , Bezawit Melak Fente  4 , Mesfin Tadese  1 , Tesfanesh Lemma Demisse  1 , Mulualem Silesh  1 , Solomon Hailemeskel Beshah  1 , Getaneh Dejen Tiche  5 , Michael Amera Tizazu  6 , Moges Sisay Chekole  1 , Birhan Tsegaw Taye  1
Affiliations

Incidence of severe maternal outcomes following armed conflict in East Gojjam zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: using the sub-Saharan Africa maternal near-miss criteria

Tirusew Nigussie Kebede et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Severe maternal outcome (SMO) encompasses women who survive life-threatening conditions either by chance or due to treatment quality, or who die. This concept assumes that severe maternal morbidity predicts mortality risk, enabling the analysis of risk factors for life-threatening outcomes and improving our understanding on the causes of maternal death. This study aims to determine the incidence of SMO and its leading causes in East Gojjam during a period of regional conflict.

Methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in East Gojjam from July 1, 2023, to February 30, 2024. The study included 367 women admitted with potentially life-threatening conditions, including 8 maternal deaths, using sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and WHO Maternal Near-Miss (MNM) criteria. Data were entered into Epi Data v.4.6 and analyzed using SPSS v.27. The WHO MNM approach assessed SMO indicators and maternal health care quality were utilized.

Results: During the eight-month period, there were 3,167 live births, 359 potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), and 188 SMO cases (180 MNM and 8 maternal deaths). The SMO ratio was 59.4 per 1,000 live births (95% CI: 51, 68 per 1,000 live births). The MNM to mortality ratio, mortality index, and maternal mortality ratio were 22.5:1, 4.2%, and 252.6 per 100,000 live births, respectively. Over 80% of women with SMO showed evidence of organ dysfunction upon arrival or within 12 h of hospitalization. The leading causes of SMO were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and obstetric hemorrhage, including uterine rupture, with uterine rupture contributing to half of the maternal deaths.

Conclusion: This study found that the incidence of SMO was comparable to that reported in most other studies. HDP was the primary cause of SMO, followed by obstetrical hemorrhage, consistent with other studies in Ethiopia. Uterine rupture was identified as the leading cause of maternal death. As this study was conducted in a single institution and in the period of severe armed conflict, it may not fully capture the range of maternal health issues across populations with varying healthcare access and socio-economic backgrounds. Caution should be exercised when generalizing these findings to the wider population.

Keywords: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; life-threatening condition; obstetrical hemorrhage; severe maternal outcome; sub-Saharan Africa; uterine rupture.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow chart of severe maternal outcomes in east Gojjam. *Based on sub-Saharan Africa MNM criteria, **based on WHO MNM criteria, MD, maternal death.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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