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. 2025 Jan 23;15(1):2947.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-86092-x.

A thin film optoelectronic photodetector of spherical and linear resonators via one-pot synthesis of Bi(III) oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposite

Fatemah H Alkallas  1 , Mohamed Rabia  2 , Fedor V Kusmartsev  3   4 , Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi  5
Affiliations

A thin film optoelectronic photodetector of spherical and linear resonators via one-pot synthesis of Bi(III) oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposite

Fatemah H Alkallas et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

We report the fabrication and characterization of a Bi(III) oxide/polypyrrole (Bi2O3/Ppy) nanocomposite thin film optoelectronic photodetector synthesized by a simple one-pot method. The nanocomposite consists of spherical Bi2O3 nanoparticles embedded in a Ppy matrix, forming a porous structure with a high surface area. The XRD analysis reveals that the Bi2O3 nanoparticles have a poly-crystalline nature with a crystal size of 40 nm and an optical bandgap of 2.86 eV. The SEM images show that the nanoparticles are agglomerated into clusters of about 100 nm in diameter, with pores of about 200 nm in width. The device exhibits a high sensitivity to light, as evidenced by the increase of the photocurrent density (Jph) from - 0.06 mA.cm-2 in the dark to -0.12 mA.cm-2 under illumination at -2.0 V. The device also shows a wavelength-dependent response, with the highest responsivity (R) of 1.0 and 0.9 mA/W and detectivity (D) of 0.221 × 109 and 0.20 × 109 Jones at photon energies of 3.6 eV and 2.8 eV, respectively. The Bi2O3/Ppy nanocomposite is a promising material for low-cost, high-performance optoelectronic applications, making it a superior choice over many contemporary devices reported in recent literature.

Keywords: Bi2O3; High efficiency; Optoelectronic; Photodetector; Polypyrrole.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The fabricated Bi2O3/Ppy optoelectronic schematic diagram for UV-Vis light sensing.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The chemical and crystalline structure of the synthesized Bi2O3/Ppy nanocomposite. (a) the FTIR data and (b) the XRD pattern, respectively.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a-c) The characterizations of the synthesized Bi2O3/Ppy nanocomposite were conducted using XPS, and (d) displayed the optical absorption properties of the nanocomposite compared to polypyrrole material. The inset figure provides the calculated bandgap estimation.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Presents (a-b) the SEM images, (c) the TEM image, and (e) the modeling cross-section of the synthesized Bi2O3/Ppy nanocomposite, along with (d) the SEM image of the pristine Ppy. The micrographs in panels (a-b) illustrate that the novel material comprises dense spherical and rod-like structures.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) Displays the electrical linear sweep voltammetry (-2.0 to 2.0 V) of the created Bi2O3/Ppy optoelectronic device, and (b) presents the consistency analysis over three lighting tests.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Presents (a) the electrical linear sweep voltammetry results, spanning from − 2.0 to 2.0 V, of the constructed Bi2O3/Ppy optoelectronic device with photon energies varying between 2.3 and 3.6 eV, and (b) the calculated Jph at a potential of -2.0 V.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Provides detailed characteristics of the fabricated Bi2O3/Ppy optoelectronic device under different photon energies. Specifically, panel (a) illustrates the photoresponsivity, while panel (b) demonstrates the detectivity. The photon energies assessed range from 3.6 eV to 2.3 eV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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