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. 2025 Jan 9:18:1447543.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1447543. eCollection 2024.

Sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease risk in US participants: a comprehensive analysis

Yue Wu  1 , Zhizheng Li  1 , Peng Zhao  2 , Jiajing Xu  2 , Min Yuan  3
Affiliations

Sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease risk in US participants: a comprehensive analysis

Yue Wu et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Background and purpose: To evaluate the association between sleep-related factors, including sleep duration, self-reported sleep disturbances, and diagnosed sleep disorders, and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US participants.

Methods: The data of this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2014. Sleep factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and overall sleep scores were calculated on a scale of 0 to 3. The participants were classified into three sleep pattern groups: poor sleep pattern (overall sleep score ≤ 1), intermediate sleep pattern (overall sleep score = 2), and healthy sleep pattern (overall sleep score = 3). CVD was defined based on self-reported questionnaire responses. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between sleep factors and CVD.

Results: Among 21,115 participants, 2,245 (10.6%) were diagnosed with CVD. Participants with poor sleep patterns had a significantly higher risk of CVD (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.52-2.16, p < 0.001). Self-reported trouble sleeping (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.32-1.78, p < 0.001), and sleep disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.75-2.50, p < 0.001) were related to an increased risk of CVD. However, no such association was observed for either short (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.33, p = 0.174) or long sleep durations (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90-1.45, p = 0.266). Our study also suggested an interaction between sleep patterns and age (P for interaction = 0.002).

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant association between poor sleep patterns and an increased risk of CVD in US participants.

Keywords: association; cardiovascular disease; clinical epidemiology; sleep disorders; trouble sleeping.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the study population inclusion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The relationship between sleep patterns and CVD according to basic features. Except for the stratification component itself, each stratification factor was adjusted for all other variables (age, sex, race, marital status, education level, health insurance, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, drinking habit, physical activity, HbA1C, TC, and HDL-C).
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