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. 2025 Jan 24.
doi: 10.1007/s00247-025-06167-9. Online ahead of print.

Complex lymphatic anomalies

Dana Alkhulaifat  1 , Karen I Ramirez-Suarez  2 , Hansel J Otero  2   3 , Jordan B Rapp  2   3 , Abhay S Srinivasan  2   3 , Christopher L Smith  3   4   5 , David M Biko  2   3
Affiliations

Complex lymphatic anomalies

Dana Alkhulaifat et al. Pediatr Radiol. .

Abstract

Complex lymphatic anomalies are unique diseases marked by abnormal lymphatic vessel development and growth. Imaging is crucial in the evaluation and management of complex lymphatic anomalies, with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography emerging as a valuable modality for visualizing abnormal lymphatic structures and informing treatment decisions. This article gives an overview of complex lymphatic anomalies and their management strategies, focusing specifically on generalized lymphatic anomaly, Gorham-Stout disease, Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis, and central conducting lymphatic anomalies. Simple lymphatic diseases are beyond the scope of this review.

Keywords: Lymphatic abnormalities; Lymphatic malformations; Magnetic resonance imaging; Pediatric radiology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: None

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