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. 2025 Jan 24;47(2):58.
doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02367-2.

Examination of heavy metal concentrations and their interaction with anthropogenic sources in Ermenek Dam Lake (Turquoise Lake)

Yusuf Alparslan Argun  1
Affiliations

Examination of heavy metal concentrations and their interaction with anthropogenic sources in Ermenek Dam Lake (Turquoise Lake)

Yusuf Alparslan Argun. Environ Geochem Health. .

Abstract

This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in Ermenek Dam Lake, water quality assessment and pollution sources. For this purpose, samples were taken 6 times a year from 12 points determined in 2024. Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed in the study. Using the analysis results, indexes such as Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index were calculated. The results show that the lake water complies with TS 266 and WHO standards. The index results indicate that the lake water is at low pollution and risk level and is safe. The distribution and sources of heavy metals were examined using correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Correlation analyses showed that there were significant relationships between pH, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and TDS and heavy metals. PCA results revealed that Zn was positively correlated with temperature and pH, while Mn and Ni were inversely correlated. The alignment of Pb, Cu and Cd in the same direction showed that these parameters were affected by common sources. HCA results showed that Cr and Fe have similar transport and source properties, while Mn and Ni are affected by different sources. In general, it was determined that heavy metal pollution in lake water was at low levels and local concentrations were present. The study revealed the effects of anthropogenic activities on the lake ecosystem. The findings of the study provide a guiding basis for water quality management in similar hydrological systems.

Keywords: Environmental management; HCA; Heavy metal pollution; PCA; Spatial distribution; Water quality ındex.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: The author of this article has not conducted any studies involving human subjects or animals. The author has read, understood and complied with the "Ethical Responsibilities of Authors" statement in the Instructions for Authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sample collection points
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Spatial distribution map of heavy metals in the lake with IDW interpolation; (a Cd, b Cr, c Cu, d Fe, e Mn, f Ni, g Pb, h Zn, i WQI, j HPI)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Correlation analysis of parameters
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Component Analysis of Parameters; a Percentage of Explained Variance, b PCA Scores Graph, c Biplot PCA Graph, d Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) dendrogram
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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