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. 2025 Jan 7;61(1):85.
doi: 10.3390/medicina61010085.

A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)

Sogol Attaripour Esfahani  1 , Nima Baba Ali  1 , Juan M Farina  1 , Isabel G Scalia  1 , Milagros Pereyra  1 , Mohammed Tiseer Abbas  1 , Niloofar Javadi  1 , Nadera N Bismee  1 , Fatmaelzahraa E Abdelfattah  1 , Kamal Awad  1 , Omar H Ibrahim  1 , Hesham Sheashaa  1 , Timothy Barry  1 , Robert L Scott  1 , Chadi Ayoub  1 , Reza Arsanjani  1
Affiliations

A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)

Sogol Attaripour Esfahani et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional diagnostic and management approaches for PH often face limitations, leading to delays in diagnosis and potentially suboptimal treatment outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) offers a transformative approach to PH care. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for original studies on AI applications in PH, using predefined keywords. Out of more than 500 initial articles, 45 relevant studies were selected. Risk of bias was evaluated using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool). Results: This review examines the potential applications of AI in PH, focusing on its role in enhancing diagnosis, disease classification, and prognostication. We discuss how AI-powered analysis of medical data can improve the accuracy and efficiency of detecting PH. Furthermore, we explore the potential of AI in risk stratification, leading to treatment optimization for PH. Conclusions: While acknowledging the existing challenges and limitations and the need for continued exploration and refinement of AI-driven tools, this review highlights the significant promise of AI in revolutionizing PH management to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; cardiac MRI; computed tomography; deep learning; echocardiography; machine learning; pulmonary hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
AI model development workflow for use in pulmonary hypertension.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Potential applications of artificial intelligence in pulmonary hypertension.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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