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. 2025 Jan 11;14(2):436.
doi: 10.3390/jcm14020436.

The Effect of Visual Feedback on Plaque Control: An RCT Comparing Toothbrushing Methods in Periodontitis Patients

Manon Tytgat  1 , Maarten Glibert  1 , Jeroen Callens  1 , Sabine Lamoral  1 , Paulien Van Gyseghem  1 , Fien Decabooter  1 , Véronique Christiaens  1
Affiliations

The Effect of Visual Feedback on Plaque Control: An RCT Comparing Toothbrushing Methods in Periodontitis Patients

Manon Tytgat et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: As gingivitis prevalence is closely related to plaque accumulation, effective oral hygiene is mandatory for maintaining healthy gingival tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different toothbrushing methods (a manual toothbrush (group 1 = MTB, the control); an electric toothbrush (group 2 = ETB); and an electric toothbrush with daily visual feedback (group 3 = ETBV)) on the plaque levels and periodontal health in patients after receiving initial periodontal treatment. Methods: A total of 67 patients were initially screened in this study, and 60 patients were randomly allocated into 1 of the 3 groups, with 53 patients completing this study. At baseline, the average probing depth across all groups was 3.60 mm, with an average bleeding on probing (BoP) score of 69,15%. Clinical parameters were assessed at multiple time points over 12 weeks. Results: The plaque levels reduced significantly in all groups: MTB decreased from 65,57% to 33.26%, ETB from 64,17% to 31.49%, and ETBV from 63,04% to 26.25% (p < 0.001 for all groups). Furthermore, a significant improvement for BoP was recorded across all groups: BoP decreased to 25.68% (MTB), 22.32% (ETB), and 23.14% (ETBV) (p < 0.001 for all groups). However, no significant difference in the plaque removal efficacy was observed between manual and electric toothbrushes, irrespective of visual feedback (p > 0.190). A linear mixed model analysis showed a significant overall group effect on the periodontal health parameters (p = 0.041) but no interaction with time (p = 0.965). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of consistent oral hygiene in reducing periodontal disease. Further research is necessary to explore effective strategies for enhancing patient adherence and optimizing health outcomes.

Keywords: periodontitis; toothbrush; visual feedback.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of CONSORT diagram 2010.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted values of BoP (a), plaque (b), PD (c), PD ≥ 4 mm (d), PD ≥ 6 mm (e), and PD ≥ 8 mm (f).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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