Current Status of Gout Arthritis: Current Approaches to Gout Arthritis Treatment: Nanoparticles Delivery Systems Approach

Abstract

The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals within joint spaces produces a painful inflammatory condition known as gout, a specific form of arthritis. The condition calls for a combined curative and preventive management model. A new development in the approach to gout is that of NLRP3-targeted biologic agents, such as monoclonal therapies, to provide more accurate treatment by blocking specific pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nanoparticle drug delivery enhances biological availability and delivery to targets, which may increase therapeutic efficacy and decrease general toxicity. The preventive approach again cannot be ignored, mainly keeping up certain modifications in diet and weight, along with pharmacological therapies to reduce uric acid (UA) levels and to decrease the frequency of acute attacks. The advancement of genetic profiling of patients and biomarker discoveries drives the trend towards building individualized medicine and care, quickly gaining ground as the most effective method of delivering treatments to individual patients, moving away from one-size-fits-all treatments. The following paper aims to provide an updated account of the management of gout with a focus on recent developments, in order to enhance these approaches, the quality of life for patients with gout, and the standard of gout treatment.

Keywords: lifestyle modification; nanoparticle delivery systems; preventive approach; quality of life; uric acid.

Figure 1

Pathophysiology of GA inflammation. (IL-1: Interleukin 1, IL-6: Interleukin 6, IL-8: Interleukin 8, LTB4: Leukotriene B4, NLRP3: Nod-like receptor protein 3, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha) [9].