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. 2025 Jan 25;15(1):e091420.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091420.

Predicting preventive self-care behaviours among type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model in Bandar Abbas city: a cross-sectional study

Arezu Darvishi  1 , Laleh Hassani  2 , Shokrollah Mohseni  3 , Nahid Shahabi  3
Affiliations

Predicting preventive self-care behaviours among type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model in Bandar Abbas city: a cross-sectional study

Arezu Darvishi et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objectives: It is essential to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through self-care behaviours and to ascertain the predictors of correct health training for the control of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of the constructs of the health belief model in encouraging T2DM to adopt self-care behaviours in Bandar Abbas city.

Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Bandar Abbas.

Participants: Participants were 246 patients with T2DM referring to six comprehensive healthcare centres in Bandar Abbas city. They were enrolled using the accessible sampling method and were requested to complete a questionnaire.

Results: The results of the present study indicated that the health belief model could explain 50.73% of the variance in patients with T2DM's self-care behaviours. Among the constructs of the health belief model, the constructs of self-efficacy (52.4%), perceived barriers (38.8%) and perceived susceptibility (34.9%) best predicted the adherence of patients to self-care behaviours, suggesting that these constructs can be considered to improve self-care behaviours in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the health belief model can be a suitable and effective tool for predicting self-care behaviours in patients with T2DM. There was a statistically significant correlation was found between self-care behaviours and all the constructs except perceived barriers. Considering the positive effects of the health belief model in improving the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes, it is suggested to use this model in planning interventions to improve self-care in other diseases affected by lifestyle-based behaviour.

Keywords: General diabetes; PUBLIC HEALTH; Self Care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The relationship between the constructs of the Health Belief Model and self-care behaviour.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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