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. 2025 Jan 16;26(1):25045.
doi: 10.31083/RCM25045. eCollection 2025 Jan.

The Effect of Coronary Artery Disease on the Prognosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multi-Center Cohort Study

Guoqing Hou  1 , Qian Liao  1   2 , Huihui Ma  2   3 , Yan Shu  2   3 , Shengzhi Zeng  4 , Yongmei Zhou  2   3 , Liangjun Luo  5 , Gang Zhao  6 , Tao He  2   3 , Mingjiang Liu  2   3 , Jianhong Tao  2   3 , Wei Hua  7 , Xiaoping Li  2   3
Affiliations

The Effect of Coronary Artery Disease on the Prognosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multi-Center Cohort Study

Guoqing Hou et al. Rev Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Background: There is a shortage of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with concurrent coronary artery disease (CAD), and the influence of CAD on the prognosis of patients with HCM is uncertain. This real-world cohort study was conducted to evaluate the prognosis of patients with patients with CAD.

Methods: This cohort study of patients with HCM was conducted from May 2003 to September 2021. The total number of patients enrolled was 2167, and the mean follow-up period was 6.4 years (interquartile range 2.8-9.5 years). Sudden cardiac death (SCD), cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality were assessed as outcomes. Using logistic regression, nine indicators were selected for 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the impact of CAD on the prognosis of patients with HCM.

Results: During an average of 6.4 years of follow-up, of the 2167 patients enrolled, 446 (20.6%) died. The patients were classified into two groups: CAD (n = 480) and non-CAD (n = 1,687). After imputation of missing values using the mean and 1:1 propensity score matching, there was no difference in SCD (log-rank χ2 = 0.4, p = 0.540), cardiovascular death (log-rank χ2 = 0.1, p = 0.995) and all-cause mortality (log-rank χ2 = 0.1, p = 0.776) between the CAD and non-CAD groups. After imputation of missing values using the median and 1:1 propensity score matching, patients with and without CAD were not significantly different in terms of SCD (log-rank χ2 = 0.1, p = 0.948), cardiovascular death (log-rank χ2 = 0.1, p = 0.811), and all-cause mortality (log-rank χ2 = 0.5, p = 0.499). In the Cox analysis, CAD was not a significant independent predictor of SCD, cardiovascular death, or all-cause mortality in patients with HCM.

Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that there was no statistically significant disparity in mortality rates between patients diagnosed with HCM who concurrently had CAD and those who did not exhibit CAD. This finding underscores the notion that the presence of CAD did not exert a notable influence on the incidence of SCD, cardiovascular death, or all-cause mortality, thereby emphasizing the complexity and multifaceted nature of mortality risk factors in HCM patients.

Keywords: cardiomyopathy; coronary artery disease; hypertrophic; prognosis; sudden cardiac death.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Flowchart for patients involved in present study. LV, left ventricular; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the difference in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death between coronary artery disease (CAD) and no CAD patients with HCM before matching. (A) Kaplan Meier curve for all-cause mortality between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM before matching. (B) Kaplan Meier curve for cardiovascular mortality between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM before matching. (C) Kaplan Meier curve for SCD between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM before matching. HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; SCD, sudden cardiac death.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the difference in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM after matching. (A) Kaplan Meier curve for all-cause mortality between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM after matching. (B) Kaplan Meier curve for cardiovascular mortality between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM after matching. (C) Kaplan Meier curve for sudden cardiac death (SCD) between CAD and no CAD patients with HCM after matching. HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; CAD, coronary artery disease.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Forest plots for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and SCD in subgroup analyses. (A) Forest plots for all-cause mortality. (B) Forest plots for cardiovascular mortality. (C) Forest plots for SCD. SCD, sudden cardiac death; NYHA, New York Heart Association; AF, atrial fibrillation; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
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