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Observational Study
. 2025 Jun;40(6):1929-1937.
doi: 10.1007/s00467-025-06665-w. Epub 2025 Jan 27.

Variable treatment response to lumasiran in pediatric patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1

Sina Saffe  1 , Katja Doerry  2 , Anja K Büscher  3 , Matthias Hansen  4 , Melanie Rohmann  5 , Nele Kanzelmeyer  6 , Kay Latta  7 , Markus J Kemper  1 , Sebastian Loos  8
Affiliations
Observational Study

Variable treatment response to lumasiran in pediatric patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1

Sina Saffe et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 2025 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH 1) is a rare genetic condition due to mutations in the AGXT gene. This leads to an overproduction of oxalate in the liver. Hyperoxaluria often causes kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease. Lumasiran is a recently approved drug that reduces the hepatic oxalate production by mRNA interference.

Methods: In this multicenter study, we evaluated the response to lumasiran treatment in PH 1 patients (n = 8) with a median age of 10.9 years (range 1.2-17.9 years), including two patients on hemodialysis. We retrospectively analyzed the reduction of urinary and plasma oxalate levels as well as changes in kidney stone events, nephrocalcinosis, and kidney function.

Results: In patients without kidney failure, the median reduction of urinary oxalate was 64% (range 10-80%) and 71% (61-86%) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. However, only one patient reached urinary oxalate levels within the age-specific normal range. Two patients did not respond to lumasiran and treatment was stopped. In one of the two patients on hemodialysis, the frequency of sessions could be reduced. The only notable side effects were injection site reactions.

Conclusion: There was a variable response to lumasiran in PH 1. Despite a reduction of hyperoxaluria in many patients with PH 1, only one patient reached normal values and 2 of 8 patients did not respond. Regular monitoring of urinary oxalate values and registry data collection seems mandatory to monitor the efficacy and the long-term outcome of PH 1 treated with lumasiran.

Keywords: Kidney function; Kidney stones; Nephrocalcinosis; Oxalate; RNA interference.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: MJK received consulting fees for an expert meeting from Alnylam. NK participates regularly in advisory boards for Alnylam. All other authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

None
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary Materials.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Urinary oxalate excretion in spot urine samples as the upper limit of normal age-specific values [17]
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
24-h urinary oxalate excretion from month 0 to 12
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Plasma oxalate levels in hemodialysis patients
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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