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Review
. 2025 Apr;102(4):389-402.
doi: 10.1111/cen.15203. Epub 2025 Jan 27.

'Bone Health-Across a Woman's Lifespan'

Gabrielle Stokes  1   2   3 , Madhuni Herath  1   2   3 , Navira Samad  1   2   3 , Anne Trinh  1   2   3 , Frances Milat  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

'Bone Health-Across a Woman's Lifespan'

Gabrielle Stokes et al. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2025 Apr.

Abstract

Despite a high burden of osteoporosis and minimal trauma fractures worldwide, there is still a treatment gap in timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. There is also a lack of international consensus and guidelines on the management of bone fragility in premenopausal women. This review article provides an overview of the current understanding of factors impacting women's bone health across the adult lifespan, as well as dilemmas in the diagnosis, assessment and management of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, premature ovarian insufficiency and bone health following breast cancer.

Keywords: bone; fracture; oestrogen replacement therapy; osteoporosis; postmenopause; premenopause.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Bone mass across the lifespan.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Annual lumbar spine BMD change with adjuvant endocrine breast cancer therapy. Adapted and updated from ‘Assessment and management of bone health in women with oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy: Position statement of the Endocrine Society of Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Bone & Mineral Society, the Australasian Menopause Society and the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia’.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The impact of oestrogen deficiency and menopause on bone mineral density and bone turnover.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Overview of bone health across the lifespan in women.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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