Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and osteoarthritis: results from NHANES 2007-2020 and Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder that affects the joints and has a complex array of causes. While sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) have been implicated in OA risk, the relationship between these factors and OA development remains unclear. This study investigates the correlation and potential causality between SB, PA, and OA using both cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: We conducted a two-phase study that included a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a MR analysis. A weighted analysis was performed on data from the NHANES to explore the relationship between SB, PA, and the risk of OA. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between SB, PA, and OA, adjusting for potential confounders. Non-parametric curve fitting was applied to examine the dose-response relationship between PA levels and OA onset. Additionally, MR was utilized to infer the genetic causality between SB, PA, and OA risk, using genetic instruments as proxies for SB and PA.

Results: The final analysis, which included 24,738 participants, revealed that OA prevalence was 13.47%, with individuals diagnosed with OA exhibiting significantly higher levels of SB and lower levels of PA. A U-shaped relationship was observed between PA and OA risk, with a decrease in OA incidence as PA levels increased, although the protective effect of PA was less pronounced in individuals with severe SB. MR analysis indicated that genetically inferred SB was associated with a higher likelihood of OA (IVW OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.28), while increased PA was inversely associated with OA risk (IVW OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98).

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the significance of SB and PA as modifiable factors influencing the risk of OA. It is recommended that individuals at risk of OA should aim to participate in regular physical activity and minimize sedentary behavior to lower their risk of developing the disease. The MR analysis results support the potential causal impact of SB and PA on OA, providing valuable information for the development of therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization; NHANES; osteoarthritis; physical activity; sedentary behavior.

Figure 1

The overall design of the current study.

Figure 2

Flowchart of the study design and participants excluded from the study.

Figure 3

Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and osteoarthritis. (A) Unweighted logistic model to predict the occurrence of osteoarthritis and levels of physical activity in varying degrees of sedentary behavior. (B) Weight logistic model to predict the occurrence of osteoarthritis and levels of physical activity in varying degrees of sedentary behavior.

Figure 4

Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and osteoarthritis. (A) Shows a positive correlation between weekly minutes of sedentary behavior and osteoarthritis incidence using a LOWESS fit. A plateau in the relationship is observed between 400 and 800 min of inactivity per week. (B) Depicts a “U-shaped” trend between physical activity (MET/week) and osteoarthritis incidence, as fitted by LOWESS. The lowest osteoarthritis rate is found with a 550 MET/week physical activity level.

Figure 5

Subgroup analysis of the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and osteoarthritis. (A) This panel illustrates the relationship between physical activity and osteoarthritis prevalence among participants with mild sedentary behavior. (B) The “L-shaped” trend in this figure indicates the correlation between physical activity and osteoarthritis prevalence within the severe sedentary behavior group. (C) Shown here is the robust positive correlation between sedentary behavior and osteoarthritis prevalence in the inactive subgroup, highlighting the risks of inactivity. (D) This figure illustrates a weaker link between sedentary behavior and osteoarthritis prevalence in the active subgroup.

Figure 6

Scatter plots and funnel plots from genetically predicted physical activity and sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis and severity. (A,B) Genetically predicted sedentary behavior on osteoarthritis; (C,D) Genetically predicted physical activity on osteoarthritis.