Emergency department use of transcutaneous pacing for cardiac arrests

Abstract

Transcutaneous cardiac pacing is a rapid technique for pacing the heart using skin electrodes to pass repetitive electrical impulses through the thorax. This paper reports the results of transcutaneous pacing in a series of 52 emergency department patients. Patients were selected for pacing if they were unconscious and in asystole (30 patients) or unconscious with a pulseless or hemodynamically ineffective bradycardia (22 patients). In all cases, transcutaneous pacing was attempted after initial resuscitative drug therapy failed. Of the 26 patients with successful ECG capture, 14 were initially in asystole, 11 were initially in a pulseless bradycardia, and one had a hemodynamically ineffective bradycardia. Of the eight patients developing a pulse, four developed a measurable BP. The four patients who developed a measurable BP were young (ages 22 to 39 yr) and only one had an underlying cardiac etiology for his cardiac arrest. No patient survived to be discharged from the hospital. Twenty-five of the 52 patients also had a transvenous pacemaker inserted, with successful electrical capture in five of the patients. Only one of the transvenously paced asystolic patients subsequently developed a BP. There were no patients successfully paced transvenously who were not successfully paced transcutaneously.