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. 2025 Mar;29(2):e70037.
doi: 10.1111/petr.70037.

Pediatric Transplant Surgeons' Perspectives on Palliative Care for Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Taylor R House  1 , Aaron Wightman  2 , Jodi Smith  2 , Andre Dick  3 , Miranda C Bradford  4 , Abby R Rosenberg  5   6   7
Affiliations

Pediatric Transplant Surgeons' Perspectives on Palliative Care for Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Survey

Taylor R House et al. Pediatr Transplant. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Some adult transplant surgeons consider transplant to be contraindicated in patients receiving palliative care (PC). Little is known about pediatric transplant surgeons' attitudes toward PC. We sought to ascertain pediatric kidney transplant surgeons' perspectives regarding the routine integration of PC for children with chronic kidney disease.

Method: We administered a cross-sectional web-based survey to members of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons listserv in summer 2021. We adapted the survey from the previously validated Provider Survey about Palliative Care for Children with Heart Disease and pretested it with representative kidney transplant surgeons, nephrologists, and PC physicians; queries related to PC included institutional and personal experience, knowledge, and education. Data were summarized descriptively.

Results: There were 21 participants. Over half of the respondents were white (57%) males (62%), practicing in urban, academic centers (94%). Although 67% of the participants practiced in an institution with a subspecialty PC team, 24% were unsure if such a team existed in their institution. A minority (19%) perceived PC consultation and kidney transplant to be mutually exclusive. Most surgeons (86%) believed that PC should not be restricted to when a child is dying, and 59% reported that PC consultation should happen at diagnosis for life-threatening conditions. However, surgeons indicated that PC consultation is rarely utilized for pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Transplant surgeons expressed a desire for additional PC-focused training and willingness to engage in additional education.

Conclusions: Although a minority of pediatric transplant surgeons perceived PC to be contraindicated for kidney transplant, most indicated openness to PC engagement for their patients.

Keywords: palliative care; pediatric chronic kidney disease; pediatric kidney transplant.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PC involvement for pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Surgeons (n = 21) report infrequent PC team involvement among pediatric kidney transplant recipients, including those who are highly sensitized. A portion of transplant surgeons was also unsure of the frequency of PC consults in this population. PC, palliative care.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Transplant surgeons' perspectives on responsibility for serious illness communication among pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Among responding transplant surgeons (n = 21), most indicate that pediatric nephrologists should have the primary responsibility for discussing goals of care with pediatric kidney transplant recipients and their families in inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings.
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