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. 2024 Feb 28;2(1):8.
doi: 10.1007/s44307-024-00016-w.

Impacts of ammoniacal odour removal bioagent on air bacterial community

Hetian Zhang  1   2 , Jin Hu  1   2 , Xing Peng  3 , Lei Zhou  4 , Teng Zhang  1 , Yanfang Zhang  1   2 , Huaqun Yin  1   2 , Delong Meng  5   6
Affiliations

Impacts of ammoniacal odour removal bioagent on air bacterial community

Hetian Zhang et al. Adv Biotechnol (Singap). .

Abstract

While biotechnologies offer eco-friendly solutions for eliminating air contaminants, there is a scarcity of research examining the impacts of microbial purification of air pollutants on the structure and function of air microbial communities. In this study, we explored a Lactobacillus paracasei B1 (LAB) agent for removing ammoniacal odour. The impacts of LAB on air bacterial community were revealed. by analyzing the air samples before (BT) and after (AT) LAB bioagent treatment. Remarkably, the LAB bioagent significantly reduced the air ammonia concentration by 96.8%. This reduction was associated with a notable decline in bacterial diversity and a significant shift in community composition. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus, a common pathogen, plummeted from 1.91% to 0.03%. Moreover, other potential pathogens decreased by over 87%, signifying the bioagent's impactful role in diminishing health risks. The dominance of OTU-4 (Lactobacillus) highlighted its crucial role not only in competitive interactions but also potentially in shaping the metabolic pathways or community dynamics within the treated air microbial ecosystem. This shift towards deterministic assembly processes post-treatment, as highlighted by the normalized stochasticity ratio (NST), sheds light on the underlying mechanisms dictating the microbial community's response to bioagent interventions. The bioagent-purified air microbial community showed a strong preference for variable selection (88.9%), likely due to the acidity generated by the LAB. In conclusion, our findings emphasized the positive impact of LAB bioagent in enhancing air quality, which associated with the changes in microbial community.

Keywords: Air ammonia; Air microbial community; Bioagent; Community assembly.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: All authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A scheme figure showing the experimental design, and air sample collection
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Change in air ammonia concentration before and after the treatment of bioagent. The red and green areas represent the ammonia concentration before and after treatment. The reference line is the ammonia concentration limit in the secondary standard for malodorous pollutants
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Overview of changes of bacterial community diversity in air before and after bioagent treatment. a α-diversity indices, including S.chao1, Pielou’s evenness, Shannon index and Simpson index, b Venn diagram, c The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, stress = 0.04; d UPGMA cluster tree
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Changes in relative abundance of atmospheric microbial community before and after bioagent treatment. (a) at the phylum level; (b) at the genus level
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
KEGG enrichment analysis based on PICRUSt analysis (a) Biochemical metabolic pathways; (b) level 2; (c) Response ratio of KEGG functions associated with bacterial infections to bioagent treatment
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Molecular ecological network of air bacterial community. (a) before bioagent treatment; (b) subnetworks of OTU-4 (Lactobacillus) before treatment; (c) after bioagent treatment. Each edge represents an important co-occurrence relationship. The edge is colored by correlation: the positive correlation is blue, and the negative correlation is red. The node size corresponds to the abundance of each OTU, and the color corresponds to the category taxonomy. The OTU-4 represents the bacterial strain in agent
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Relative contribution of deterministic and stochastic assembly processes on air communities before and after treatment
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