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This cohort study examines the response and survival rates associated with ipilimumab-nivolumab therapy in patients with progressive melanoma brain metastases after anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1) therapy.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Lochrin reported receiving personal fees from Novartis and Integrity Continuing Education outside the submitted work. Dr Smithy reported receiving grants from IO Biotech, Regeneron, and Daiichi Sankyo and personal fees from IO Biotech and Bristol-Myers Squibb outside the submitted work. Dr Chen reported receiving grants from the National Cancer Center (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study; receiving the American Society of Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award and personal fees from Candel Therapeutics; and holding stock in Nordisk, Doximity, Quest, and Figs outside the submitted work. Dr Shoushtari reported receiving personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Immunocore, Erasca, and Novartis and grants from Targovax, Pfizer, Mural Oncology, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Foghorn Therapeutics, Linnaeus Therapeutics, Iovance Biotherapeutics, and Obsidian Therapeutics outside the submitted work. Dr Panageas reported receiving grants from the NCI of the NIH and financial support from the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange Biopharma Collaborative during the conduct of the study and holding stock in 23 and Me and Vicncerx outside the submitted work. Dr Postow reported receiving personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Chugai, Novartis, Eisai, Pfizer, and Lyvgen and grants from Genentech, Infinity, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rgenix, Merck, Bioatla, and Novartis outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
References
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Tawbi HA, Forsyth PA, Hodi FS, et al. . Long-term outcomes of patients with active melanoma brain metastases treated with combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab (CheckMate 204): final results of an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(12):1692-1704. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00545-3
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Long GV, Menzies AM, Scolyer RA. Neoadjuvant checkpoint immunotherapy and melanoma: the time is now. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(17):3236-3248. doi:10.1200/JCO.22.02575
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Kluger HM, Tawbi HA, Ascierto ML, et al. . Defining tumor resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade: recommendations from the first meeting of the SITC Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8(1):e000398. doi:10.1136/jitc-2019-000398
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