Updates on Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract with a Focus on Molecular Findings

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urinary tract (UUT) is rare, constituting 5% to 10% of UCs, with a higher prevalence in males and older adults. It encompasses various subtypes and, unlike UC of the bladder, often presents as invasive disease. Molecular studies reveal frequent FGFR3 and TP53 mutations, guiding therapeutic strategies. Lynch Syndrome (LS), a hereditary condition, significantly contributes to UUT UC, especially in young patients. Current treatments emphasize platinum-based chemotherapy post-surgery, though immunotherapy shows promise, especially in LS cases. Further molecular insights are crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: FGFR3; Histopathology; Lynch syndrome; Molecular pathology; TP53; Upper urinary tract; Urothelial carcinoma.