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. 2025 Oct;30(12):3185-3193.
doi: 10.1177/13591053251315890. Epub 2025 Jan 31.

PTSD symptoms in war-displaced refugees diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: Prevalence and correlates

Omar Gammoh  1 , Mariam Al-Ameri  1 , Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh  2 , Alaa Aa Aljabali  1 , Khlood Mohammad Aldossary  2 , Hayam Ali AlRasheed  2
Affiliations

PTSD symptoms in war-displaced refugees diagnosed with hypertension or type 2 diabetes: Prevalence and correlates

Omar Gammoh et al. J Health Psychol. 2025 Oct.

Abstract

War-displaced refugees are subjected to ongoing mental and somatic health issues that impair their well-being. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported PTSD symptoms in war-displaced Syrian refugees residing in Jordan who had been diagnosed with at least with either hypertension or type 2 diabetes. The sample included 165 women (50.3%) and 162 men (49.7%); and 186 (56.7%) were older than 50 years. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed using a validated Arabic scale. Data analysis revealed that 229/327 participants (69.8%) scored above the threshold for severe PTSD symptoms. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants reporting a lack of medications or symptoms of chronic non-specific widespread pain were at significantly higher odds for severe PTSD, respectively. Prompt logistic, medical, and psychiatric care is required to alleviate the high trauma burden in this fragile population.

Keywords: PTSD symptoms; Syrian refugees; diabetes; hypertension; mental health; refugee health; war-displaced refugees.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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