Experience of Aging in the Ngäbe‑Buglé Community in Coto Brus, Costa Rica: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Indigenous communities grapple with unique challenges in the aging process, often encountering amplified barriers to healthcare and resources, possibly due to their remote locations and distinct cultural backgrounds. Limited research exists on aging within Costa Rica's Ngäbe‑Buglé Indigenous community, particularly the La Casona community in Coto Brus. This study explores the aging experience of the Ngäbe‑Buglé community in La Casona, aiming to identify challenges and potential resources to enhance the quality of life and aging experience for elderly community members. Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi‑structured interviews to collect data from 14 elderly participants (6 female, 8 male), aged 52-90 years, living in the La Casona community. Participants were selected through purposeful snowball sampling techniques, and individual interviews were conducted at their residences. Interviews were conducted with assistance from an interpreter and lasted approximately 30-60 minutes. Thematic analysis was used to examine participants' responses to understand their experiences with aging. Results: Three primary themes emerged: economic difficulties, insufficient social support, and cultural aspects related to La Casona. Among the three primary themes were a total of eight subcategories. Economic challenges encompassed financial constraints and food insecurity, housing and infrastructure needs, and difficulties in accessing healthcare. Insufficient social support was evident through heavy reliance on family, limited community aid, and an absence of engaging activities. Cultural aspects highlighted the community's deep connection to nature and concerns about the fading cultural heritage among younger generations. These themes collectively contribute to the challenges confronted by elderly adults in the Ngäbe‑Buglé community. Conclusions: Improving healthcare access, enhancing social interactions, and preserving cultural heritage are essential when it comes to improving the aging experience in La Casona. The following participant discussions provide insight into public health interventions. Addressing these issues will require governmental support and policy changes aimed at uplifting the Ngäbe‑Buglé community.

Keywords: Aging; Indigenous health; Social determinants of health.

Figure 1

A detailed map of Costa Rica highlighting the locations of major Indigenous communities [1].